NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2019 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

1. According to Durkheim, low regulation in society will lead to which type of suicide?

Correct Answer: (d) Anomic
Solution:Anomie, also spelled among, in societies or individuals, a condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values or from a lack of purpose or ideals.

The term was introduced by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim in his study of suicide. He believed that one type of suicide (anomic) resulted from the breakdown of the social standards necessary for regulating behaviour.

2. Which scholar is associated with the term 'thick description'?

Correct Answer: (d) Clifford Geertz
Solution:Scholar Clifford Geertz is associated with the term 'thick description'. 'Thick description' is the term that Geertz used to describe ethnography in one of the most famous and influential anthropology texts in the second half of the twentieth century, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973).

Geertz proposes that sociologist's task is that of explaining cultures through thick description which specifies many details, conceptual structures and meanings and which is opposed to "thin description" which is a factual account without any interpretation.

Geertz outlines four parameters for an adequate "thick description" and a study of culture:
1. Interpretative study
2. The subject of interpretation is the flow of social discourse
3. Interpretation deals with extrovert expressions.
4. Ethnographic description is microscopic

His Major writings are:
• Local knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology
• The Religion of Java
• Agricultural Innovation
• Works and Lives
• After the fact
• Islam Observed
• Anti Anti-Relativism
• Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.

3. In which community did Durkheim examine Totemism?

Correct Answer: (c) Australian Arunta
Solution:The founder of French school of sociology Emile Durkheim, examined Totemism from a sociological and theological point of view. Durkheim studied Australian Arunta tribe. Durkhein saw totemism as the most basic form of religion. A totem is an animal or other natural object that spiritually or symbolically represents a people and their common origin.

4. Who has popularized the term 'Total Institution'?

Correct Answer: (b) Erving Goffman
Solution:The analysis of the characteristics of total institutions is the subject of a lengthy essay by Erving Goffman, a Canadian- born sociologist best known for his complex and subtle contributions to the analysis of social interaction. A Total Institution is defined as a social system that is isolated and closed in order to control people.

5. Which critical theory has Jurgen Hebermas emphasized?

Correct Answer: (d) Theory of communicative action
Solution:The Theory of Communicative Action is a two volume 1981 by the philosopher Jurgen Habermas. Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action rests on the idea that social order ultimately depends on the capacity of actors to recognize the intersubjective validity of the different claims on which social cooperation depends.

6. Which of the following motives of the actor was NOT dealt by T. Parsons?

Correct Answer: (c) Numerative
Solution:The organisation of unit acts into social systems therefore involves the motives and values, which link it to the personality system in the first caste and to be cultural system in the second. The range of motivational orientations are three. These are the cognitive, the cathectic and the evaluative orientations. Numerative motives of the actors was NOT dealt by T. Parsons.

7. Match List-I with List-II.

List-I (Sociologists) List-II (Sociological Traditions)
(A) Emile Durkheim(i) Structuralism
(B) Clifford Geertz(ii) Post-modernism
(C) Claude Live-Strauss(iii) Interpretative
(D) Michel Foucault(iv) Functionalism
Choose the correct option from those given below:

Code:ABCD
(a)iviiiiii
(b)iviiiiii
(c)iiiiivii
(d)iiiiiiiv
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:⇒ Functionalism, in social sciences, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a societyinstitutions, roles, norms, etc. The French, sociologist Emile Durkheim argued that it was necessary to understand the ''needs'' of the social organismn to which social phenomena correspond.

⇒ Interpretative tradition has used by Cllilford Geertz.

⇒ Structuralism is an approach used to analyze culture developed by Claude Levi-Strauss, it asserts that human culture, being the set of learned behaviors and ideas that characterize a society, is just an expression of the underlying structures of the human mind.

⇒ Michel Foucault is the emblematic figure of French postmodernism which is characterized by an originally in his ideas, who made an extraordinary contribution with his work.

8. Which form of crisis in capitalist societies was NOT discussed by Habermas?

Correct Answer: (d) Emotional
Solution:Emotional of crisis in capitalist societies was NOT discussed by Habermas. Legitimation crisis refers to a decline in the confidence of administrative functions, institutions, or leadership. The term was first introduced in 1973 by Jurgen Habermas. A fourth type of crisis is what Habermas calls a motivation crisis. This can occur when the life world culture in which civic privatism is embedded falters.

9. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Author)List-II (Contribution) 
(A) Max Weber(i) Interaction Ritual
(B) E. Goffman(ii) The Nation State and Violence
(C) A. Giddens(iii) The Religion of India
(D) Davod Held(iv) Models of Democracy
Choose the correct option from those given below:

Code:ABCD
(a)iiviiiii
(b)iiiiviii
(c)iiiiiiiv
(d)iviiiiii
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:
List-I (Author)List-II (Contribution) 
(A) Max Weber(iii) The Religion of India
(B) E. Goffman(i) Interaction Ritual
(C) A. Giddens(ii) The Nation State and Violence
(D) Davod Held(iv) Models of Democracy

10. Who has authored the work, Distinction (1981)?

Correct Answer: (b) Pierre Bourdieu
Solution:Pierre Bourdieu brillantly illuminates the situation of the middle class in the modern world. France's leading sociologist focuses here on the french bourgeoisie, its tastes and preferences. Distinction is at once a vast ethnography of contemporary france and a dissection of the bourgeois mind.

His other major writings are:
• Outline of a Theory of Practice
• Forms of Capital
• The Logic of Practice
• The Field of Cultural Production
• Classification Struggles
• Masculine Domination
• Homo Academicus
• In Other Words: Essays Toward a Reflexive Sociology
• Language and Symbolic power