UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec. 2021/June-2022 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II) (SHIFT-I)

Kautilya's theory of Rajmandala belong to Foreign policy and international relation. He describes Rajmandala theory in second chapter of sixth adhikaran (Topic) in his book Arthsashtra. Arthashastra is divided in to 15 Adhikaran or book title, 150 chapter and 180 topic.

It is beleived to be written as a handbook by Kautilya for chandra gupta Maurya to instruet him in how to reign an empire. The meaning of Mandala is 'circle of states' and these are total 12 types of states oceur.

In Book I of politics, Aristotle Justifies slavery. Aristotle 'politics' is divided in to 8 books. In the first book Aristotle discusses political community in this book he also discusses the part of household in which slaves incluided he also held that Rule over slave should be despotic.

According to him slavery in historical as well as desirable. Aristotle (384 BCE - 322 ВBCE) is known as Father of political science, was great disciple of Plato and Teacher of The Great Alexander.

No money bill can be introduced in the legislative assembly without recommendation of the Governor. Every money bill, after it is passed by the state legislative, is presented to the Governor for his assent.

He has three alternatives.
(1) He may give his assent the bill.
(2) He may with hold his assent to the bill, the bill then ends and does not become an acL.
(3) He may reserve the bill for the consideration of the president.

Thus, Governor can not return a money bill for reconsideration of state legislative. Normally, Governor gives his assent to a money bill as it is introduced in state legislature with his previous permission.

Huntington on characteristics of the modernisation process!

(1) It is a revolutionary process.
(2) It is a complex process.
(3) It is a systematic process.
(4) It is a global process.
(5) It is a lengthy process.
(6) It is a phase process.
(7) It is a progressive process.
(8) It is an irreversible process not reversibe process.

Right to freedom of religion are enshrined in the constitution of India in Article 25 to Article 28 in part III as Fundamental rights.

Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free profession practice and propagation of religion.

Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs.

Article 27 - Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

Article 28 - Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious warship in certain educational institution.

Joseph S Nye has coined the word Soft power. Joseph Nye used the term Soft power in the context of international relations (diplomacy) theory in 1990. Soft power refers to the ability to achieve goals by attraction through political, moral or cultural influences and, at time, by subtle economic means.

Five 'E' approach in Policy analysis are - (1) Effectiveness (2) Efficiency (3) Ethical consideration (4) Evaluation of Alternatives (5) Establishment of recommendation of positive change. Hence Evidence is not included in it.

Rabindranath tagore talked about Synthetic Universalism. Tagore states that he is not against any country or nation in particular. Instead he was against the general idea of all nation. Men must rise above the idea of nationalism and seek universalism and humanity.