UGC NET/JRF EXAM, (Cancelled) June-2024 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Marxists hold that societies are characterized by-

• The class conflict
• Irreconcilliable conflict
• Division between the rich and poor
• Domination by the rich class.

The International Convention on the Elimination of all form of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) was adopted by the UN General assembly in 1965 and came into effect on January 4, 1969. This convention was one of the first human rights treaties and aimed to eliminate racial discrimination world wide.

Broadly, the term 'Democracy' implies a system of government where power is vested in people. Democracy is:

• System by the people based on equal opportunity and individual merit.
• A system based on principle of majority rule.
• A mean of filling public offices through a competitive struggle for the popular vete
• A system of government that serves the interest of the people regardless of their participation in political life.

In his book, "The borderless world: power and strategy in the interlinked economy (1990)' Ohmae argues that national borders are becoming less relevant and that a 'borderless world' is emerging. Ohmae's ideas about borderless world include, globalization and interconnectedness of the world.

The origin of the term "Tyrranny of the Majority" is commonly attributed to Alexis de Tocquevile, who used it in his book 'Democracy in America.

The Article-213 of the Indian constitution gives the Governor the power to issue ordinances when the state legislature is not session. An ordinance has the same force as a law.

The correct chronological order of the prime ministers of India :
• Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1989-90)
• Chandra Shekhar (1990-91)
• P.V.Narsimha Rao (1991-96)
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996-96)
• H.D. Deve Gowda (1996-97)

The correct chronological order of the landmark cases is as follows:

• Golaknath Vs State of Punjab (1967):- The court ruled that Parliament could not amend fundamental rights in the constitution under Article - 368.

• Keshvanand Bharati Vs Kerala (1973):- While parliament can amend the constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure.

• Minerva Mills Vs UOI (1980):- The court reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine.

• Indira Sawhney Case (1992):- The case upheld the validity or Reservations and introduced creamy layer.

• SR Bomai Vs UOL (1994):- It set significant limits on the use of president's rule in States, establishing that it could be judicially reviewed.