NTA UGC NET/JRF EXAM. JUNE , 2019 (Paper II) Geography

Block Disintegration is generally dominant in the Greater Himalayas as a process of weathering. Splitting of rocks along the joints into blocks is called Block Disintegration. It commonly occurs in those regions where there is a high difference in daily range of temperature. Process of physical weathering is block disintegration. It should not be considered as the result of only temperature changes, rather unloading of superincumbent load or release of confining pressure also helps in the process of block disintegration.

Serial Photography means taking photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. The ideal time of the day to obtain an aerial photograph is when the sun is low oblique(before and after noon).
The ideal time to obtain an aerial photograph:-
• Ideal time related to sun's elevation angle above the horizon and also the function of latitude the season of the year and the time of the day.
• when extensive shadowing is not wanted, ground scenes should be photographed within about two hours of local apparent noon (Solar noon) i.e. when the sun is at low oblique (before and after the noon).

The correct match is -

Al-Masudi was an Arab historian, geographer and traveller. He was a prolific author of over twenty books. All the above-mentioned books are written by him except Al-Qanun-al-Masudi. Al-Qanun-al-Masudi was written by Muhammad ibn Ahmad Biruni.

Fujita Scale is a Pearson scale for rating tornado intensity based on estimated wind speeds and related damage. Fujita scale is named after Dr. Ted Fujita, a university of Chicago who came up with this scale in 1971. Fujita scale ranges from FO to F5 depending upon the type and severity of damage the tornado produced.
The enhanced Fijuta scale became operational in 200 which is used to assign a tornado a rating based on estimated wind speeds and related damage.

Characteristics of air mass: Air mass refers to immense body of air with 3-D structure extending upto tropopause having relatively homogenous condition in its horizontal layer and identifiable by its vertical gradients which are Sleek. Air mass is a dynamic body of air with its own physical characteristics differentiable from surrounding with physical properties like specific humidity, lapse rate and density more or less homogenous in its different layers.

Lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle. Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and represents a large portion of each main reservoir.
The largest reservoir of Earth's oxygen is within the silicate and oxide minerals of the crust and mantle. The earth's atmosphere holds less than 0.05% of the earth's total mass.

Lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle. Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and represents a large portion of each main reservoir.
The largest reservoir of Earth's oxygen is within the silicate and oxide minerals of the crust and mantle. The earth's atmosphere holds less than 0.05% of the earth's total mass.

An Urban heat islands occurs when a city experiences much warmer temperature than nearby rural areas.
Causes of formation-:
• more absorptive surface in urban areas i.e. Dark surfaces which absorbs heat for sometime only and further re-radiates it in might
• Less vegetation occur in urban areas high pollutant number in urban area as compared to rural areas causes entrapping of terrestrial radiation in large amount
• Due to large amount of skyscrapers in urban areas it becomes impossible for air to move at high speed and circulates heat through convection and conduction in atmosphere
So, option (a) is in correct.

Shape is the general form and structure of the individual objects. It is the most helpful interpretation for identifying alluvial fans and meanders on aerial photographs.
Shape provides immediate identification of objects.