UGC NTA NET/JRF Re-EXAM, June 2024 HISTORY (Shift-I)

During the Chola period, "Irivirapattan" meant a protected trading town that emerged as a major center of trade. The Basinikond inscription during the Chola period reveals that merchants held a convention in Shiravalli, declaring it Irivirapattanam, and granting privileges and facilities to its residents. During the Chola period, settlements of merchants were generally called "Veerapattanam."

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty in the Delhi Sultanate, ruled from 1320 to 1325 AD. He adopted a policy of leniency in contrast to Alauddin's harsh policies. Upon his return from a successful campaign in Bengal, he was killed when a wooden building constructed for a reception in Tughlaqabad collapsed. However, historian Barani attributes his death to lightning.

Chola inscriptions broadly mention three types of village assemblies: the ur, the sabha, and the nagaram. The ur was a common type of village assembly, forming the basic unit of village life. Ur included both villages, puras, or towns. Ur was a nonbrahmadeya village because the brahmadeya village council was called the assembly or Mahasabha. In the Chola administration, below the balanadu was the nadu, which was equivalent to a modern district, and its main function was to manage land revenue.

The Licensing Act of 1823 was enacted during the reign of Governor General John Adams. Under this Act, printers and publishers were required to obtain a license to establish a press, while the Governor General had the power to revoke the license or request a new application. The Licensing Act was enacted to deal with the Emergency Act arising from the 1857 rebellion. Under the 1908 Act, magistrates were empowered to confiscate presses whose articles were objectionable.

In ancient India, the first dynasty of the Magadha Empire was the Haryanka dynasty, founded by Bimbisara and peaking during the reign of Ajatashatru. After the Haryanka dynasty, Shaishunaga established the Shaishunaga dynasty in Magadha. This dynasty incorporated Avanti into the Magadha Empire. The last dynasty of Magadha was the Nanda dynasty, founded by Mahapadmananda, with Dhanananda as its last ruler.

The correct match is

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 AD by Harihara and Bukka. In 1356 AD, Bukka I became the ruler of Vijayanagara, and during his reign, the Madurai conquest was carried out in 1377 AD, led by Kumara Kampana, son of Bukka I. Details of this are found in the Sanskrit text Madurai Vijayam, written by Ganga Devi.

The correct chronological order is

• Partition and Rehabilitation of Punjab        -            1947

•  First States Reorganization Act                  -            1956

•  Globalization of the Indian Economy        -             1991

•  New Education Policy, 2020                       -            2020

Varahamihira was a prominent astrologer and astronomer of the Gupta period. He composed the Panchasiddhantika, Brihad Jataka, Brihad Samhita, and Laghu Jataka texts. His Brihad Samhita is considered an encyclopedia of astrology, geography, botany, and natural history. This text describes methods for measuring rainfall, astronomical observations, construction of houses and temples, and methods for planting plants and increasing fruit production

The karkhana system was quite developed during the Sultanate period. According to Afif, there were two types of state karkhanas: the Ratibi and the Gair-Ratibi. Workers in these karkhanas received fixed salaries, while those in the Gair-Ratibi received no fixed salary. Firoz Shah Tughlaq provided substantial funds to encourage production in these karkhanas.