UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2023

GOARN stands for Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network. This network is a collaboration of institutions and organizations, which pool their resources and expertise to rapidly identify and respond to outbreaks of international importance.

GOARN was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000 to ensure an efficient and coordinated response to health emergencies.

GOARN focuses specifically on alert and response rather than recovery or geographical assessment, emphasizing its role in immediate outbreak management and control.

The other options are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the established name and function of this network.

Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) are established at the district hospital level. These units provide specialized care to sick newborns and those with low birth weight or premature births.

SNCUs are critical in reducing neonatal mortality and improving child health outcomes, as they offer round-the-clock care and advanced medical support.

Options A, B, and C are incorrect because sub-centres, primary health centres, and community health centres do not typically have the resources or infrastructure to support the intensive care provided by SNCUs.

The Health Belief Model is also known as the Triandis Model. Developed in the 1950s, the Health Belief Model (HBM) explains and predicts health behaviours by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals.

Although commonly associated with the Health Belief Model, the Triandis Model refers to a broader theory that incorporates social and personal factors influencing behaviour. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they refer to different theories and frameworks.

The Transtheoretical Model of Change, also known as the Stages of Change Model, outlines stages individuals go through to change behaviour. The Behaviour Change Model is a general term that can apply to various theories, not specifically the Health Belief Model.

The Information Education and Communication (IEC) model focuses on spreading information and educating people rather than on individual beliefs and attitudes driving behaviour.

Under the Family Planning Indemnity Scheme 2013, the claim amount for failure of sterilization is30,000.

This scheme was designed to provide financial compensation to individuals in case of sterilization failure, ensuring they are not left without support due to an unplanned pregnancy.

The specified amount helps cover medical expenses and other costs incurred due to the failure. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they suggest different compensation amounts that do not align with the established guidelines stated in the Manual for Family Planning Indemnity Scheme, March 2016.

Management of skin infections is not an essential requirement for a First Referral Unit (FRU). FRUs are designed to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care, including handling complications during delivery and immediate care for newborns.

They are also equipped with blood storage facilities to manage emergencies. Options A, B, and D are correct as they are critical functions of FRUs.

Emergency obstetric support and newborn care are primary functions, and blood storage is essential for handling severe cases, but routine management of skin infections is generally handled at primary health care levels, making option C the incorrect one in this context.

The vector of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is ticks. Specifically, the Haemaphysalis spinigera tick is responsible for transmitting KFD virus to humans.

This disease was first identified in the Kyasanur Forest area of Karnataka, India, and it primarily affects those who come into contact with ticks in forested areas. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because mosquitoes, lice, and mites do not transmit KFD.

Mosquitoes are vectors for diseases like malaria and dengue, lice for typhus, and mites for scrub typhus.

Mean is not a measure of dispersion; it is a measure of central tendency. Measures of dispersion describe the spread of data points around a central value. Range, interquartile range (IQR), and coefficient of variation (CV) are measures of dispersion.

Range measures the difference between the highest and lowest values, IQR measures the spread of the middle 50% of data, and CV is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, expressing variability relative to the mean. Thus, options A, B, and D correctly represent measures of dispersion.

The Lippes loop is an example of a First Generation Intra-uterine device (IUD). Introduced in the 1960s, it is a plastic double-S-shaped device inserted into the uterus for contraception. Options A, B, and D represent newer generations of IUDs.

Nova T and Multiload are examples of Second Generation IUDs that are T-shaped and often contain copper to increase effectiveness. Progestasert is a hormonal IUD releasing progesterone, making it a more advanced type of contraceptive device.

The Critical Path Method (CPM) does not incorporate statistical analysis in determining estimates. CPM is a project management tool used to schedule project activities.

It identifies the longest sequence of dependent tasks (the critical path) necessary to complete the project in the shortest possible time.

Options A, B, and C are correct as CPM indeed defines a path in the network, takes the longest time, and involves critical activities. The inclusion of statistical analysis is more associated with the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), not CPM.

Organizational rehabilitation is not typically considered an area of concern in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation generally focuses on restoring an individual's functionality and quality of life after an illness, injury, or disability.

The main types include medical rehabilitation, which addresses physical health; social rehabilitation, which helps reintegrate individuals into society; and vocational rehabilitation, which aims to return individuals to employment.

Thus, options A, C, and D are correct, as they represent key areas of concern in rehabilitation.