Pulses

Urad is a tropical climate crop. It is a Kharif crop in North India and both a Rabi and Kharif season crop in South India. The production of Moong in the year 2016-17 accounted for 14% of the total pulses. The percentage has remained relatively stable over the years. Hence, Statement 2 (about large changes) is false. In the last three decades, there has been a marginal (negligible) increase in the production of Kharif crops. However, the production of Rabi pulses has increased by about 150 percent. Therefore, Statement 3 (about decreasing Rabi pulses) is also false.

Among the given options, a major producer and consumer of pulses is India. According to Agriculture Statistics at a Glance 2020.  India is the largest producer of Pulses in the world, followed by Myanmar and Canada.

India has to import pulses despite being a leading producer due to the high rate of consumption. Thus, pulses are generally not exported from India whereas wheat, rice and sugar is exported at times.

India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. These pulses are Chickpeas (known as gram or channas), lentils (masoor dal), pigeon peas (arhar or toor dal) etc.

When the question was asked option (c) was correct answer According to the figures of 2021-22 (4th A.E), the largest producer of pulses in India is Madhya Pradesh.

Legumes are quite unique among other crops as they draw their nitrogen from the air with the help of a specialized bacteria. So it does not require the same application of nitrogen fertilizer like other crops.

Cobalt is known to be essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium. Cobalt is also needed in the synthesis of vitamin B12.It is necessary for growth, photosynthesis and evaporation Rhizobium is a bacteria found in the crops of pulses.

Neelam is not a variety of Arhar crop it is a variety of Mango Rest other option are correctly matched.

Different crops demand soil nutrients in different proportion For example, legumes (pulses) may need nutrients in a ratio of 0 : 1 : 1, 1 : 2 : 2 or 1 : 2 : 3. Therefore, option(a) is the correct answer.

Major legume crop-red gram (arahar) originated in India.