13 June 2023 – Evening Shift – UGC NET Paper-1

A. Decision making
B. Marketing
C. Communication
D. Conflict resolution
E. Leadership

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. Introduction of National Research Foundation.
B. Accreditation of all higher education institutions
C. Integration of Vocational education into mainstream education.
D. Establishment of National Higher Education Qualification Framwork.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. Curzon's universities reform were a high point in the development of the official attitude towards the spread of higher education.
B. The attempts were part of the wider programme of reforming Indian society and purging out of evils such as sati etc.
C. Two universities in Calcutta and Madras were established in 1857 and colleges became an integrate part of higher education.
D. Only those students were admitted to the colleges who had passed the entrance.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Statement I: In the Vedic age both men and women had access to education.
Statement II: Woods Despatch (1854) recognised for the first time that the Government should give 'frank and cordial support' to feamle eduacation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Comprehension

Violence against women comes in many forms and from various sources. One that is not highlighted enough is the violence they face from their birth family or natal kin-parents, siblings or close relatives. New Delhi based non-governmental organisation (NGO) Shakti Shalini recently brought out an incisive report. Unkahi-the Unspoken, documenting the rise of violence against women from natal families during the pandemic.

Normally, the natal family is the one a woman turns to for help, but during the pandemic, staying at home did not always mean staying safe for many women. A woman complaining about violence from a partner is more easily believable than one who makes such a allegations against her family conditioned as we are to the concept that elders and immediate kin offer protection and physical and emotional safety. So, to name and shame them is not easy.

Shakti Shalini's study was based on women who approached the NGO for help during the pandemic and encompassed those between 18 and 27 years, with 65% of them belonging to the 22-27 age group. A majority of these women belong to the working and lower middle classes.

Media reports during the pandemic highlighted the increase in the incidence of marital violence, but single women living with their natal families had similar experiences. The honorary secretary of Shakti Shalini, says, "Natal family violence is a phenomenon which is structurally based in our society and therefore, needs a structural approach. Though our society lays a claim on the integrity of 'family as a cohesive unit', it equally needs to be accepted that family is as much an environment of abuse of its vulnerable members especially girls and women,"

The women spoke of abusive and coercive behaviour from their natal families and all of them reported emotional abuse and psychological trauma. Fifteen out of 20 women in the study faced physical and verbal violence that included being slapped. Three women reported physical abuse while one was threatened with forced marriage. In terms of the identity of the person who caused harm. in 60% of the cases, it was both male and female relatives.

In the passage 'natal kin' refers to
A. Stranger
B. Parents
C. Neighbours
D. Close relatives
E. Brother and Sister

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Statement I: The majority of women in Shakti Shalini study belonged to the working and lower middle classes.
Statement II: Women are protected in their natal families.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

A. The family is seen as a cohesive unit.
B. Women turn to the natal family for help.
C. It is believed that elders and kin offer emotional and physical safety.
D. Naming and shaming the natal family is easy.
E. Women in the family support them.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: