27 December 2021- Evening Shift- UGC NET Paper 1

Assertion A: The complexity of the social context in which higher education exists in India, very likely, makes systemic reforms impossible
Reason R: The inadequacy of infrastructure and the attitude of the academic community to prefer status quo than taking risks, with experiments and innovation that require initiative and considerable efforts, are the principal impediments.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given belo

Statement I: Education for sustainable development has to be related to the process of taking decisions pertaining to economy, politics and natural environment
Statement II: Inviting senior citizens to schools and allowing them to speak on the environment of their childhood, may help in developing a concept of sustainable development
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Leaders in powerful positions once thought workers should be told what to do and how to do it. They believed strict control was needed for the organization to function efficiently and effectively fixed organizational hierarchies, structured jobs and work processes and detailed procedures, let everyone know that those at the top had power and those at the bottom had none. Today, the old views of the distribution of power are no longer valid. An emphasis on control serves to squelch motivation, innovation and morale, rather than produce desired results. Today's leaders share power rather than hoard it. They find ways to increase an organization's brain power by getting everyone involved and committed.
Which one of the following reflects the traditional conceptualization of leader?