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Acidic and Alkali Soil

📆 October 8, 2024

Acidic and Alkali Soil

Total Questions: 11

1. The solution to the problem of soil salinity and alkalinity is: [R.A.S./R.T.S (PRE) 1996]

Correct Answer: (b) Use of Gypsum in the fields
Solution:Gypsum is used to change the alkalinity of the soil and remove the salinity from it. It also requires one feet water for soil leaching. Gypsum gives nutrients to plants by providing sulphur and calcium where calcium helps in the absorption of nutrients in the roots, and sulphur improves crop yield. It has the ability to improve acid soils. It helps in treating aluminium toxicity. Adding lime or gypsum to dispersive soils decreases the sodium exchange percentage, reduces dispersion, and increases stable soil structure. Gypsum can be added to still water to separate the impurities. For example, adding gypsum to ponds so the dirt particles settle down without harming the aquatic life. It helps in treating orthopaedic and surgical casts. It can be consumed by humans and so it is present in food as additive ice cream, flour, blue cheese, white bread etc.

2. The long term solution of soil salinity and alkalinity is the use of: [R.A.S./R.T.S (PRE) 1997]

Correct Answer: (b) Gypsum
Solution:Gypsum is used to change the alkalinity of the soil and remove the salinity from it. It also requires one feet water for soil leaching. Gypsum gives nutrients to plants by providing sulphur and calcium where calcium helps in the absorption of nutrients in the roots, and sulphur improves crop yield. It has the ability to improve acid soils. It helps in treating aluminium toxicity. Adding lime or gypsum to dispersive soils decreases the sodium exchange percentage, reduces dispersion, and increases stable soil structure. Gypsum can be added to still water to separate the impurities. For example, adding gypsum to ponds so the dirt particles settle down without harming the aquatic life. It helps in treating orthopaedic and surgical casts. It can be consumed by humans and so it is present in food as additive ice cream, flour, blue cheese, white bread etc.

3. In India maximum alkali area is found in the state of- [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2007]

Correct Answer: (d) Uttar Pradesh
Solution:Option (d) was correct answer in the question period. According to the Barrea Land Atlas of India, 2019, the are (in sq.km) of the states affected by Alkalinity/Salinity in the Year 2015-16 is as follows-
StateArea (Sq. Km.)
Gujrat763.52
Haryana65.62
Punjab20.66
Uttar Pradesh2129.61

But this atlas mentions medium and high Alkalinity/Salinity affected areas.

According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India 2016, Gujarat (2645405 ha.), Haryana (27841 ha.) and Uttar Pradesh (307571 ha.) are the states affected by salinity in the year 2011-13. According to this, the state most affected by salinity is Gujarat.

4. In India, the largest area of Saline soil is formed in the state of- [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2012]

Correct Answer: (c) Gujrat
Solution:Option (d) was correct answer in the question period. According to the Barrea Land Atlas of India, 2019, the are (in sq.km) of the states affected by Alkalinity/Salinity in the Year 2015-16 is as follows-
StateArea (Sq. Km.)
Gujrat763.52
Haryana65.62
Punjab20.66
Uttar Pradesh2129.61

But this atlas mentions medium and high Alkalinity/Salinity affected areas.

According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India 2016, Gujarat (2645405 ha.), Haryana (27841 ha.) and Uttar Pradesh (307571 ha.) are the states affected by salinity in the year 2011-13.

5. The state with the largest area of salt affected soils is: [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2017]

Correct Answer: (c) Gujarat
Solution:Option (d) was correct answer in the question period. According to the Barrea Land Atlas of India, 2019, the are (in sq.km) of the states affected by Alkalinity/Salinity in the Year 2015-16 is as follows-
StateArea (Sq. Km.)
Gujrat763.52
Haryana65.62
Punjab20.66
Uttar Pradesh2129.61

But this atlas mentions medium and high Alkalinity/Salinity affected areas.

According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India 2016, Gujarat (2645405 ha.), Haryana (27841 ha.) and Uttar Pradesh (307571 ha.) are the states affected by salinity in the year 2011-13.

6. Salinization occurs when the irrigation water accumulated in the soil evaporates, leaving behind salts and minerals. What are the effects of salinization on the irrigated land? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (b) It makes some soils impermeable
Solution:Soil salinization is often a problem in arid regions where ions of soluble salt build up in the soil. In these regions, where irrigation is required for plants to grow, the processes of evaporation and transpiration leave the salt behind in the soil. Over several years, the amount of salt grows to the point that it hinders both seed germination and plant growth, reducing crop yields and eventually rendering soil unusable.

7. Given below are two statements, in which one is labelled as Assertation (A) and other as Reason(R): [U.P.R.O./A.R.O.(Pre) 2023]

Assertion (A): Saline soils in India are not appropriate for cultivation of crops.
Reason (R) : Saline soils have high proportion of salt, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Solution:In India, saline soils are found to have an excess of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium ratio and deficiency of lime, hence this soil is not suitable for agriculture. Therefore, statement (A) is true. Saline soil contains an excess amount of salt. primarily due to dry climate and poor drainage. Therefore, statement (R) responsibke for assertion (A). Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

8. Which of the following soil is most suited for tea plantation? [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (a) Acidic
Solution:Tea is grown in a variety of soils. The best, however, is soil slightly acidic and without calcium as tea is highly intolerant to stagnant water. Although tea requires heavy rainfall for its growth, stagnant water is injurious to its roots. It is, therefore, grown on hill slopes where water drains away easily and water-logging does not take place. However, it grows equally well in the valley if the drainage system is good.

9. Following are the statements regarding the Usar soil: [U.P.B.E.O.(Pre) 2019]

1. It is reclaimed by adding lime.
2. This soil has pH more than seven.
3. Paddy crop can be grown in this soil.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 are correct
Solution:Usar soil has more pH than 7. There is a severe deficiency of Bacteria, Nitrogen and Zinc in this soil. Pyrites, Gypsum and green manure are used for its treatment. This type of land is suitable for cultivation of tolerant paddy varieties like Narendra Shankar Usar Paddy-1, Usar Paddy-2 etc. The use of lime is used in the treatment of acidic soil instead of the treatment of the Usar Soil. So, option (b) is the correct answer.

10. A fertile soil, suitable for growing common crops is likely to have a pH value of: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

Correct Answer: (c) Six to seven
Solution:The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity in soils. A pH below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Soil pH is considered a master variable in soils as it controls many chemical processes that take place. It specifically affects plant nutrient availability by controlling the chemical forms of the nutrient. Most nutrients that plants need can dissolve easily when the pH of the soil solution ranges from 6.0 to 7.0. Thus, option (c) is correct.
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