Agriculture and Allied Sectors (Economic Development) (Part-III)

Total Questions: 50

11. The most important fish industry in India is : [B.P.S.C. (pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (d) at natural inland
Solution:At present, the most important fish industry in India is at natural inlands, India's inland fisheries resources are as diverse as they are plentiful, comprising rivers, floodplains, estuaries, mangroves, estuarine, impoundments, lagoons, lakes reservoirs and ponds. As per the 'Handbook on Fisheries Statistics : 2023' released by the Department of Fisheries, Government of India in November 2023, the marine and inland fish production in India in recent years is as follows :
Fish Production (in Lakh Tonnes)
YearMarine Inland Total
2018-1938.5397.20135.73
2019-2037.27104.37141.64
2020-2134.76112.49147.25
2022-2341.27121.21162.48
2023-2444.32131.13175.45

12. Which of the following countries is the largest producer of fish in the world ? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (b) China
Solution:As per FAQ's The State of world Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) 2024', China is the largest and main producer of both capture fisheries and aquaculture. In 2022, China remained the first major producer with a share of 36 percent of the world's total acuatic animal production, followed by India (8%) and Indonesia (7%) . In addition to being by far the major fish producer, China has also been the main exporter of fish and fish products since 2002.

13. The 'blue revolution' is related with : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

Correct Answer: (d) fish production
Solution:Blue revolution is related to the fish production (Pisciculture). National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) was established with the aim of promoting this revolution by the Government of India as an autonomous organization in 2006.

Its headquarter is in Hyderabad The objectives of the Nili Kranti mission are mentioned below:

1. Completely tapping the total fish potential of India on both islands as well as in the marine sector and to triple the production by the year 2020.

2. Transforming the fisheries sector into a modern industry through the utilization of new technologies and processes.

3. Doubling the income of the fishers through increased productivity and improving the post-harvest marketing infrastructure including e-commerce, technologies, and global best innovators.

4. To ensure the active participation of the fishers and the fish farmers in income enhancement.

5. Tripling the export earnings by the year 2020 with a major focus on the benefits covering the institutional mechanisms.

6. Developing the nutritional and food security of the nation.

14. Among the followings which one is related to Blue Revolution in India ? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Pisciculture
Solution:Blue revolution is related to the fish production (Pisciculture). National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) was established with the aim of promoting this revolution by the Government of India as an autonomous organization in 2006. Its headquarter is in Hyderabad.

The objectives of the Nili Kranti mission are mentioned below:

1. Completely tapping the total fish potential of India on both islands as well as in the marine sector and to triple the production by the year 2020.

2. Transforming the fisheries sector into a modern industry through the utilization of new technologies and processes.

3. Doubling the income of the fishers through increased productivity and improving the post-harvest marketing infrastructure including e-commerce, technologies, and global best innovators.

4. To ensure the active participation of the fishers and the fish farmers in income enhancement.

5. Tripling the export earnings by the year 2020 with a major focus on the benefits covering the institutional mechanisms.

6. Developing the nutritional and food security of the nation.

15. Black revolution is related to the : [B.P.S.C (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Crude oil production
Solution:Crude petroleum is originally found in black colour. It is also known as 'Black Gold'. In order to increase the production of crude oil, the term 'Black revolution' was coined.
RevolutionProduction
Blue revolutionFish production
White revolutionDairy farming/Milk production
Red revolutionMeat/Tomato production
Green revolutionFoodgrain production
Yellow revolutionOilseeds production

16. Yellow Revolution is concerned with the production of : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007*]

Correct Answer: (c) Oilseeds
Solution:The yellow revolution is related to oilseeds production. This revolution started in 1986 with the launching of Technology Mission on Oilseeds by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. From the beginning of this mission the rate of growth of different oilseeds has been noted from 25% to 420%. In 2023-24 (2nd A.E. ), production of total nine oilseeds is estimated at 36.6 million tonnes against 41.36 million tonnes in 2022-23. The following are the main characteristics of the Yellow revolution.
  • Incentives for farmers were supplied as part of the yellow revolution, along with processing facilities like irrigation, fertiliser, insecticides, a transportation facility, a minimum support price, warehousing, etc.
  • Many organisations, like the National Dairy Board, were given duties to encourage the production of oilseeds during the revolution. The NDB must increase Gujarat's production of groundnut oil. Similarly, the National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board were in charge of improving oilseed production in non-traditional locations.
  • To increase consumer awareness of the four main oilseeds-mustard, groundnut, soybean, and sunflower-Oilseeds Production Thrust was founded. Additionally, about 3000 oilseed societies with 13 lakh farmers and 25 hectares of arable land were founded.
  • Despite becoming self-sufficient in oil production in the following 10 years, India's production tragically falls short of its needs. India began importing oilseeds from other nations to meet the demand. In 2007, India imported 5 million tonnes from numerous nations including Malaysia, Argentina, Brazil, etc.

17. 'Yellow Revolution' is related with : [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (c) Rapeseed-Mustard production
Solution:The yellow revolution is related to oilseeds production. This revolution started in 1986 with the launching of Technology Mission on Oilseeds by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

From the beginning of this mission the rate of growth of different oilseeds has been noted from 25% to 420%. In 2023-24 (2nd A.E. ), production of total nine oilseeds is estimated at 36.6 million tonnes against 41.36 million tonnes in 2022-23.

The following are the main characteristics of the Yellow revolution.

  • Incentives for farmers were supplied as part of the yellow revolution, along with processing facilities like irrigation, fertiliser, insecticides, a transportation facility, a minimum support price, warehousing, etc.
  • Many organisations, like the National Dairy Board, were given duties to encourage the production of oilseeds during the revolution. The NDB must increase Gujarat's production of groundnut oil. Similarly, the National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board were in charge of improving oilseed production in non-traditional locations.
  • To increase consumer awareness of the four main oilseeds-mustard, groundnut, soybean, and sunflower-Oilseeds Production Thrust was founded. Additionally, about 3000 oilseed societies with 13 lakh farmers and 25 hectares of arable land were founded.
  • Despite becoming self-sufficient in oil production in the following 10 years, India's production tragically falls short of its needs. India began importing oilseeds from other nations to meet the demand. In 2007, India imported 5 million tonnes from numerous nations including Malaysia, Argentina, Brazil, etc.

18. Match List-I with List-II : [B.P.S.C (Pre) 2022]

List - IList - II
A. Grey Revolution1. Onion production
B. Pink Revolution2. Tomato and meat production
C. Silver Revolution3. Production of eggs
D. Red Revolution4. Fertilizers

Code:

ABCD
(a)1423
(b)4132
(c)3142
(d)More than one of the above
(e)None of the above
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows :
List - IList - II
A. Grey Revolution Onion production Fertilizers
B. Pink RevolutionOnion production  Tomato and meat production
C. Silver RevolutionProduction of eggs
D. Red RevolutionTomato and meat production

19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists. [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

List -IList - II
A. Golden Revolution1. Oilseed production
B. Grey Revolution2. Horticulture and Honey
C. Yellow Revolution3. Petroleum production
D. Black Revolution4. Fertilizers

Code :

ABCD
(a)2341
(b)4213
(c)2413
(d)1234
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows :
RevolutionRelated with
Golden RevolutionHorticulture and Honey
Grey RevolutionFertilizers
Yellow RevolutionOilseed production
Black RevolutionPetroleum production

20. Father of Green Revolution in the World is : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Norman E. Borlaug
Solution:American agronomist Norman E. Borlaug is regarded as the ' Father of Green Revolution' in the world. He was awarded with the Nobel Prize for peace in 1970. Green revolution that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960. In the context of India, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of green revolution.

Green Revolution refers to the multiple crop production growth in third-world countries based on modern inputs, technologies, HYVs (High-Yielding Varieties), farm mechanisation, and irrigation facilities. It reflects the agroeconomic situation of developing countries that aim for self-sufficiency in agriculture and mitigate food crises, hunger, famine, and related social evils.
The basis of the Green Revolution in India can be seen in the following points:

  • High-yielding varieties (HYVs) - These genetically modified seeds yield 2 to 3 times more than regular crops.
    They are dwarf varieties with dense canopies. Because they                      are very tender and fragile, they need more water, chemical                       fertilisers, and protection from pests and weeds.
    It also requires on-farm activities like soil preparation. It has                   a short generation period and leads to greater production in a                  short period.
    The short duration of growth means that land is used for the next crop, thus increasing cropping intensity.
  • Irrigation Facilities - In 1960, India's net irrigated area was only 30 million hectares, and extending irrigation to the rest of India was daunting.
  • Credit and Financing - This requires an excellent rural credit and microfinancing network to support farmers' needs.
  • Commercialisation of Agriculture - The introduction of Minimum Support Prices for crops gave farmers an extra reason to grow crops.
  • Farm Mechanization - It was required to increase crop production.
    The Command Area Development Program (CADP), introduced in 1974, comprised two main components:
  • On-Farm Development Activities - This included constructing agricultural channels, ploughing, levelling, and bunding.
  • Off-Farm Development Activities - This focused on building roads, improving rural connectivity, and enhancing marketing, transportation, and communication.