Agriculture and Allied Sectors

The correctly matched lists are as follows :

In the economic context, 'capital' means capital goods or machinery which is used to produce other goods. The substitution of steel for wooden ploughs in agricultural production can be considered as the substitution of a lesser machine by a better machine which encourages production of steel. Therefore, it is a capital-augmenting technological progress.

In the year 2008-09 (when the question was asked), the share of agriculture and allied sectors in the Gross Domestic Product of India was about 15%. As per the Second Ad- vance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Re- vised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23 (released on 29th February, 2024), the share of agriculture and allied sec- tor (agriculture, forestry and fishing) in GVA (at current basic prices) is estimated at 17.6% in 2023-24 (2nd A.E.) whereas for the year 2022-23 (1st R.E.), it is estimated at 18.2%.

In this question, the financial year for which the share of agriculture in National Income has been asked, is not mentioned, and at the same time it is also not clear that the contribution has been asked at constant prices or at current prices. The contribution of agriculture in the GDP at current prices in the year 2012-13 was at 15.10% whereas at constant prices it was at 11.85%. As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23(released on 29th February, 2024) agriculture and allied sector activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing ) at current basic prices accounts for approximately 20.4 percent  of the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2020-21 (3rd R.E) and 18.3 percent of the GVA for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has decreased to 18.9 percent in 2021-22 (2nd R.E.) and 18.2 percent in 2022-23 (1st R.E.) In 2023-24 (2nd R.E. ) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

According to Economic Survey 2012-13, the share of agriculture and allied sectors in national GDP in the year 2011-12 was at 14.1%. For recent scenario, In this question, the financial year for which the share of agriculture in National Income has been asked, is not mentioned, and at the same time it is also not clear that the contribution has been asked at constant prices or at current prices. The contribution of agriculture in the GDP at current prices in the year 2012-13 was at 15.10% whereas at constant prices it was at 11.85%. As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23(released on 29th February, 2024) agriculture and allied sector activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing ) at current basic prices accounts for approximately 20.4 percent  of the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2020-21 (3rd R.E) and 18.3 percent of the GVA for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has decreased to 18.9 percent in 2021-22 (2nd R.E.) and 18.2 percent in 2022-23 (1st R.E.) In 2023-24 (2nd R.E. ) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

In the financial year 1996-97, the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors in National Income was at 26.19% and in 1997-98 it was at 24.47%. As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23 (released on 29th February, 2024), agriculture and allied sector activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing) accounts for approximately 20.4 percent of the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2020-21 (at current basic prices in 3rd R.E.) and 18.3 percent of the GVA for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has decreased to 18.9 percent in 2021-22 (2nd R.E.) and 18.2 per- cent in 2022-23 (1st R.E.). In 2023-24 (2nd A.E.) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

The contribution of agriculture and allied sectors in the GDP of Indian in 2010-11 was at 14.5 % (approx. 15%). For recent scenario, In the financial year 1996-97, the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors in National Income was at 26.19% and in 1997-98 it was at 24.47%. As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23 (released on 29th February, 2024), agriculture and allied sector activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing) accounts for approximately 20.4 percent of the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2020-21 (at current basic prices in 3rd R.E.) and 18.3 percent of the GVA for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has decreased to 18.9 percent in 2021-22 (2nd R.E.) and 18.2 per- cent in 2022-23 (1st R.E.). In 2023-24 (2nd A.E.) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022- 23 (released on 29th February, 2024) the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors (agriculture, forestry and fishing) in GVA (Gross Value Added) of the country at current basic prices has decreased from 18.6% in 2013-14 to 17.7% in 2015- 16 and 17.6% in 2018-19. Within the agriculture sector, the share of crops has fallen from 12.1 percent in 2013-14 to 9.8 percent in 2018-19. The share has been declining on account of relatively higher growth performance of non-agricultural sectors. In fact, the contribution of agriculture in Indian Economy is steadily declining with the country's broad based economic growth. Due to the shock of the COVID-19 pan- demic on the Indian economy, the share of agriculture and allied sectors in the GVA has increased to 20.4 percent in 2020-21 (3rd R.E.) from 18.3 percent in 2019-20. However, in 2021-22 (2nd R.E.) and 2022-23 (1st R.E.), its share again de- creased to 18.9% and 18.2% respectively. In 2023-24 (2nd A.E.) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

In the beginning of Planning era i.e. in 1950-51, the share of agriculture in the GDP of India was above 50 percent, which has declined over time to 17.4% in the year 2006-07, 14.5% in the year 2010-22 and 14.1% in the year 2011-12. As per the Second Advance Estimates of National Income, 2023-24 and First Revised Estimates of National Income, 2022-23 (released on 29th February, 2024 ) agriculture and allied sector activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing ) at current basic prices accounts for approximately 20.4 percent of the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2020-21 (3rd R.E) and 18.3 percent of the GVA for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has decreased to 18.9 percent in 2021-23 (1st R.E). In 2023-24 (2nd A.E) the share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA at current basic prices has again decreased to 17.6 percent.

As per final report on Agriculture Census 2015-16, the small and marginal holdings taken together (0.00-2.00 ha.) constituted 86.08% of the total holdings in 2015-16 against 85.01% in 2010-11 while their share in the operated area stood at 46.94% in the current census as against 44.58% in 2010-11. In a total of 146.45 million operational holdings in the country, the highest number of operational holders belonged to Uttar Pradesh (23.82 million) followed by Bihar (16.41 mil- lion) and Maharashtra (15.29 million). As regards operated area, out of a total of 157.82 million ha., the highest operated area was contributed by Rajasthan (20.87 million ha.), followed by Maharashtra (20.51 million ha.) and Uttar Pradesh (17.45 million ha.). Hence, statement (i) is incorrect, while statements (ii) and (iii) are correct. Statement (i) was correct on the basis of provisional data of Agriculture Census 2015-16.