Atomic Structure

Neutron is a neutral particle which has no electrical charge. It was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. He discovered that when beryllium (be) or other atoms are bombarded with high speed particles, then electrically neutral particles emerge from these atoms and such neutral particles are know as neutrons.

The particles that are smaller than the atoms are called sub-atomic particles. The three main sub-atomic particles that from an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Deuteron contain a proton and a neutron.

The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has a positive electric charge and has the same mass as an electron.

The positron has a positive electric charge (+1e) and has the same mass and a spin of 1/2 as an electron. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons and are the components of atomic nuclei. They have fractional charge of +2/3e or -1/3e. Neutrinos are sub-atomic particles produced by the decay of radioactive element and are elementary particles that lack an electric charge a very small mass, which might even be zero. phonon, in condensed-matter physics, is a unit of vibrational energy that arises from oscillating atoms within a crystal. A phonon is a definite discrete unit or quantum of vibrational mechanical energy, just as a photon is a quantum of electromagnetic or light energy. Phonon has integral spin like photon.

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle with no sub-structure, thus not composed of other particles currently thought to be elementary include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks and antileptons) as well as fundamental bosons.

The Higgs Boson is the fundamental particle associated with the Higgs field, a field that gives mass to other fundamental particles such as electrons and quarks. In the mainstream media, the Higgs boson has often been called the ‘God Particle’ from the 1993 book 'The God Particle' by Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman.

The Higgs Boson is an elementary particle in the standard model of particle physics. The hypothesis of its existence was given in 1964 but practically it was proved on March 14, 2013. In mainstream media, the Higgs Boson has often been called the 'God particle'. The two physicists who discovered these particles Peter Higgs and Francois Englert were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013.

The Higgs Boson is an elementary particle in the standard model of particle physics. The hypothesis of its existence was given in 1964 but practically it was proved on March 14, 2013. In mainstream media, the Higgs Boson has often been called the 'God particle'. The two physicists who discovered these particles Peter Higgs and Francois Englert were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013.

In this universe, all the visible things are made up of matter and molecules. The mass is that physical property of the particle which gives them solid structural form. The study of this field is important to know that why some fundamental particles have mass. So the discovery of Higgs boson particles is important to understand this field.

Among the given particles neutron is free of charge. α (alpha) particle (+2ve) and proton (+ve) are positive charged particles while electron (-ve) carries negative charge.