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Biodiversity part 3

📆 October 2, 2024

Total Questions: 44

11. Which of the following is a Ramsar site under Ramsar Convention? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Bhoj wetland
Solution:Bhoj Wetland: It is located in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It consists of two contiguous human-made reservoirs, the upper and lower lakes.

The Upper lake is called Bhojtal (Bada Talaab) and the Lower Lake is known as Chhota Talaab. The Upper Lake is surrounded by Van Vihar National Park on the south, human settlements on the east and north, and agriculture fields on the west. The Upper Lake is a major source of potable water for Bhopal.

The lakes are very rich in biodiversity, particularly for macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton. It has more than 15 kinds of fish and several vulnerable species, including turtles, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates. It was designated as the Ramsar site in 2002.

12. With reference to 'Parvati Arga' ramsar site, which of the following statements is/are correct? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021]

1. It is situated in Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh
2. It is a bird sanctuary.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary is a permanent freshwater environment consisting of two oxbow lakes. These wetlands are characteristic of Uttar Pradesh and offer exceptional habitats for waterbirds, providing both roosting and breeding sites with over 100,000 birds documented in annual counts. The Sanctuary is a refuge for some of India's threatened vulture species: the critically endangered white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis) and Indian vulture (Gyps indicus), and the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) have all been recorded. The Sanctuary is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Tarabganj Tehsil, at a distance of about 40 km from Gonda District at Mankapur-Nawabganj Road.

13. If a wetland of international importance is brought under the 'Montreux Record', what does it imply? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference.
Solution:The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the list of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. It is maintained as part of the Ramsar list.

14. As an ecosystem, wetlands are useful for which of the Following? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (d) All the above
Solution:Wetlands prevent flooding by holding water much like a sponge. By doing so, wetlands help keep river levels normal and filter and purify the surface water. Wetlands accept water during a flood and whenever water levels are high. When water levels are low, wetlands slowly release water. Wetlands also release vegetative matters into rivers, which help feed fish in the rivers. Wetlands help to counterbalance the human effect on rivers by rejuvenating them and surrounding ecosystems.

15. "If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys. "Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (d) Aquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients.
Solution:Wetlands ecosystems are vital parts of hydrological cycle, highly productive, support rich biodiversity and provide a wide range of ecosystem services such as water storage, water purification, flood mitigation, storm buffers, erosion control, aquifer recharge, microclimate regulation, aesthetic enhancement of landscapes while simultaneously supporting many significant recreational, social and cultural activities. Aquatic plants like verticillata and water hyacinth have been used to remove heavy metals from waste water.

16. Concerning the wetlands of India, consider the following statements [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

1. The country's total geographical area under the category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujarat as compared to other States.
2. In India, the total geographical area of coastal wetlands larger than that of the total is inland area of wetlands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1
Solution:At the time of question the share of the inland wetland of the country's total geographical area under the category of the wetland is approximately 69.23% and 27.13% area is under Coastal wetland category while 3.64% is under low wetland (<2.25 ha) category. Gujarat (3474950 ha), has the greatest share of wetlands. Andhra Pradesh is at second place. Hence, statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect.

17. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]

1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.
2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention.
3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (c) 3 only
Solution:Under Ramsar Convention it is not mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India. Hence statement 1 is not correct. The Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India is not based on the recommendation of Ramsar Convention. It was framed by the recommendation of a Expert Panel constituted according to provisions of National Environment Policy 2006. Hence statement 2 is incorrect. Moreover the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Hence statement 3 is correct. So (c) will be the correct answer. Further government has notified wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 which has enhanced the focus of management of wetlands from a central authority to state bodies.

18. The biodiversity Act was passed by the Indian Parliament in - [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) December, 2002
Solution:The act was enacted in 2002, it aims at the conservation of biological resources, managing its sustainable use and enabling fair and equitable sharing benefits arising out of the use and knowledge of biological resources with the local communities.

Salient Features of the Act

  • The Act prohibits the following activities without the prior approval from the National Biodiversity Authority:
  • Any person or organisation (either based in India or not) obtaining any biological resource occurring in India for its research or commercial utilisation.
  • The transfer of the results of any research relating to any biological resources occurring in, or obtained from, India.
  • The claim of any intellectual property rights on any invention based on the research made on the biological resources obtained from India.
  • Any grievances related to the determination of benefit sharing or order of the National Biodiversity Authority or a State Biodiversity Board under this Act, shall be taken to the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

19. In which year 'Biodiversity Act' was passed in India? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) 2002
Solution:The act was enacted in 2002, it aims at the conservation of biological resources, managing its sustainable use and enabling fair and equitable sharing benefits arising out of the use and knowledge of biological resources with the local communities.

Salient Features of the Act

  • The Act prohibits the following activities without the prior approval from the National Biodiversity Authority:
  • Any person or organisation (either based in India or not) obtaining any biological resource occurring in India for its research or commercial utilisation.
  • The transfer of the results of any research relating to any biological resources occurring in, or obtained from, India.
  • The claim of any intellectual property rights on any invention based on the research made on the biological resources obtained from India.
  • Any grievances related to the determination of benefit sharing or order of the National Biodiversity Authority or a State Biodiversity Board under this Act, shall be taken to the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

20. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

1. In India, the Biodiversity Management Committees are key to the realization of the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol.
2. The Biodiversity Management Committees have important function in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:The biodiversity management committees (BMCs) have been constituted in local bodies across the length and breadth of the country under the provisions of the national Biological Diversity Act and relevant state rules enacted under it. The act gives effect to Indias commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992 to which it is a party, and the acts objectives mirror the three goals of the CBD, namely the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources and associated knowledge. BMCs are, key to the realisation of the objectives of the Nagoya Pro- tocol (2010), negotiated within the CBD, enjoining parties to take measures to ensure that benefits from the utilisation of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge accrue to indigenous and local communities on mutually agreed terms. Hence statement 1 is correct. The BMC may levy charges by way of collection fees from any person for accessing or collecting any biological re- source for commercial purposes from areas falling within its territorial jurisdiction.
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