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Biodiversity part 1

📆 September 30, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Biodiversity is described as - [U.P.R.O./A.R.O.(Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) The range of different species in an environment
Solution:The diverse range of organisms (plants and animals) found in an ecosystem, is defined as biodiversity. The species are organized in different communities which are found in a particular ecosystem. Biodiversity is denoted with (a) alfa, (β) beta and (y) gamma indicating different categories. This classification was advanced by Whittaker in 1960.

2. Among the mathematical indices for measuring biodiversity, which one shows the mean species diversity in a habitat at a local scale? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (a) Alpha index
Solution:Species Richness - It is the measure of species found in a community.

Alpha Diversity - In ecology, Alpha Diversity (a-diversity) is the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale.

Beta Diversity - It is the comparison of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the change in the amount of species between the ecosystems.

Gamma Diversity - It is a measure of the overall diversity for the different ecosystems within a region.

3. Biodiversity means - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (c) Diverse kinds of plants and animals in a particular area.
Solution:The diversity of organisms (Plants and animals) present in an ecosystem is defined as bio-diversity.

4. The most significant aspect of biodiversity is : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Maintenance of ecosystem
Solution:The most significant aspect of biodiversity is the maintenance of the ecosystem. Biodiversity functions on different levels of species, communities and ecosystems.

5. Which one of the following is the most important factor responsible for the decline of biodiversity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (c) Destruction of habitat
Solution:Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity. Cutting of forests to create fields, filling in wetlands to build houses, and creating dams that change river flow, are all examples of habitat destruction. The process of genetic assimilation is one by which a phenotypic character, which initially is produced only in response to some environmental influence, becomes, through a process of selection, taken over by the genotype, so that it is formed even in the absence of the environmental influence.

6. Indian aims to achieve land degradation neutrality by the year : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (b) 2030
Solution:India aims to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) by the year 2030. LDN represents a paradigm shift in land management policies and practices. It is a unique approach that counter balances the expected loss of productive land with the recovery of degraded areas.

7. Who among the following had used the term 'Biodiversity' for the first time? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) Walter G. Rosen
Solution:The word biodiversity is a contraction of the phrase "biological diversity" and was first coined in 1985 by Walter G. Rosen of the National Research Council as a title word in a seminar, organized to discuss biological diversity.

8. Who coined the term 'Bio-diversity'? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (d) Walter G. Rosen
Solution:The word biodiversity is a contraction of the phrase "biological diversity" and was first coined in 1985 by Walter G. Rosen of the National Research Council as a title word in a seminar, organized to discuss biological diversity.

9. The decade 2011-20 has been designated by the U.N.O as the decade of - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (b) Bio-diversity decade
Solution:The United Nations General Assembly declared 2011-20 the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity (Resolution 65/161) on 22, December 2010.

10. United Nations Organization has declared decade 2011-2020 as : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (a) Decade on Biodiversity
Solution:United Nations Organization has declared the period 2011- 2020 as 'Decade on Biodiversity'. The main goal is to mainstream biodiversity at different levels. Throughout the decade, governments are encouraged to develop, implement and communicate the results of national strategies for implementation of the strategic Plan for Biodiversity.

11. India's first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is located in which city? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) Jamnagar
Solution:India's first National Centre for marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is located in Jamnagar (Gujarat). The centre will have the goal of safeguarding the biodiversity of coastal areas.

12. First National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) of India is situated at - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (d) Jamnagar
Solution:First National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) of India is situated at Jamnagar.

13. The maximum biodiversity is found in - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Tropical rain forest
Solution:The maximum biodiversity is found in the tropical rain forest. They extend from 23°5'N to 23°5'S. This area has a suitable condition for the growth and development of flora and fauna as it receives heavy rains and high temperature throughout the year. That is why it is also called as optimum Biome.

14. The maximum biodiversity is found in : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Tropical rain forest
Solution:Bio-diversity refers to a variety of organism found in a particular geographical area. Utmost biodiversity is found in tropical rain forests among all ecosystems on the Earth. Tropical rain forest extends near the equator.

15. Which of the following has the largest biodiversity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical rain forest biome
Solution:Bio-diversity refers to a variety of organism found in a particular geographical area. Utmost biodiversity is found in tropical rain forests among all ecosystems on the Earth. Tropical rain forest extends near the equator.

16. The greatest diversity of animal and plant species occurs in : [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical moist forests
Solution:Bio-diversity refers to a variety of organism found in a particular geographical area. Utmost biodiversity is found in tropical rain forests among all ecosystems on the Earth. Tropical rain forest extends near the equator.

17. In which of the following ecosystems the species diversity is relatively higher? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (c) Coral reefs
Solution:Tropical rain forest on land and coral reefs in marine systems are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. Hence, Uttar Pradesh Service Commission has option (c) as the correct answer.

18. Biodiversity changes occur : [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Increases towards the equator
Solution:Biodiversity increases towards the equator. Biodiversity is not equal on earth. It varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things (biota) depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude, soil, geography and the presence of other species.

19. Which of the following statement is NOT true? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (a) Species diversity increases from equator towards poles.
Solution:Species diversity is higher at the equator than at the poles. In biological terms, this is referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which the number of species increases from the poles to the Equator. This ranks among the broadest and most notable biodiversity patterns on Earth. The pattern of species-rich tropics (e.g. lush rainforests teeming with 'Life') relative to species-poor temperate and polar areas (e.g. barren polar deserts), has been recognized for over a century, but the reasons for the LDG have remained a mystery. A new study suggests that higher species diversity in equatorial regions may be caused by higher rates of speciation (the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution), driven by changes in precipitation across space and through time.

20. The richest biodiversity is found in the : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003]

Correct Answer: (a) Silent Valley
Solution:The richest biodiversity is found in Silent Valley in Kerala. Silent valley National Park is a beautiful representation of the last remaining rain forest of Kerala. Significantly, silent vallye was declared as National Park in 1984 and formally inaugurated in the year 1985. Notably, initially there was only 89.52 sq. km area under the Division which forms the core zone of the National park. In 2007, an area of 148 sq. km. was added to this division as buffer zone.

21. 'Silent Valley' is located in - [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (b) Kerala
Solution:The richest biodiversity is found in Silent Valley in Kerala. Silent valley National Park is a beautiful representation of the last remaining rain forest of Kerala. Significantly, silent vallye was declared as National Park in 1984 and formally inaugurated in the year 1985. Notably, initially there was only 89.52 sq. km area under the Division which forms the core zone of the National park. In 2007, an area of 148 sq. km. was added to this division as buffer zone.

22. Which one of the following State is related to 'silent Valley Project'? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Kerala
Solution:Long before the internet era, a remarkable people's move- ment saved a pristine moist evergreen forest in Kerala's Palakkad and Mallappunam district from being destroyed by a hydroelectric project. In 1984, Silent Valley was declared a national park.

23. 'Valley of Flowers' is situated in - [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (c) Uttarakhand
Solution:'Valley of Flowers' is situated in the Chamoli District of Uttarakhand.

24. The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (b) It is a confluence of different biogeographical zones
Solution:The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. The most appropriate reason for this phenomenon is a confluence of different bio-geographical zones in this range.

25. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

  1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.
  2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher altitudes. Tropical rain forests which have the largest biodiversity are found in lower latitudes. Similarly, Valleys found in lower altitudes harness greater | biodiversity than mountains of high altitude.

26. Consider the following regions : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]

  1. Eastern Himalayas
  2. Eastern Mediterranean region
  3. North-western Australia

Which of the above is/are Biodiversity Hotspot(s)?

Correct Answer: (a) 1 Only
Solution:Eastern Himalayas is a biodiversity hotspot and it is Mediterranean basin and Southwest Australia which are biodiversity hotspots. Hence only 1 is correct.

27. The 'Hotspots' of Biodiversity in India are : [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (c) Eastern Himalayas and the Western Ghats
Solution:According to Conservation International at present, there are 36 biodiversity rich areas in the world that have been qualified as hotspots, which represent just 2.5% of earth's land surface, but support over 50% of the world's endemic plant species, and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics. India has four biodiversity hotspots namely Himalaya, Indo-Burma (Northeastern India and Andaman Islands), Sundalands (Nicobar Islands) and Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka).

28. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]

  1. Biodiversity hotspots are located only in tropical regions.
  2. India has four biodiversity hotspots i.e., Eastern Himalayas, Western Himalayas, Western Ghats and Andaman and the Nicobar Island.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:Hotspots are not only located in tropical regions but also in temperate regions (California Floristic Province, Japan). India has four bio-diversity hot spots- Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Myanmar border and Sundaland. The Sundaland includes the Nicobar group of islands but does not includes the  Andaman group of islands.

29. Which of the following is a biodiversity saturated area in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (b) Western Ghat
Solution:India is a bio-diverse country. India inhabits 7.6 percent of all mammals, 12.6 percent of birds, 6.2 per cent of reptiles and 4.4 per cent of amphibians found in 18 mega diverse countries. Western Ghat is a biodiversity saturated area in the given options.

30. With reference to biodiversity, which of the following region in India is regarded as 'HOTSPOT'? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

Correct Answer: (a) Andaman and Nicobar Island
Solution:A biodiversity hotspot is a bio-geographical region of the Earth which is extremely biologically diverse and also under severe threat due to habitat loss, climate change or extensive species loss. As a general rule, to be considered a biodiversity hotspot, a region must be biologically diverse, with a high proportion of endemic species which are not found anywhere else on Earth, and the security of the region must be threatened. So, hotspots are the richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth. India has four bio-diversity hot spots - Western Ghat, Eastern Himalaya, Indo-Myanmar border and Sundaland. Nicobar island is regarded as a part of the Sundaland bio-diversity area and Andaman group of Islands come under the Indo-Myanmar hotspot. Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

31. Which of the following areas in Indian, is a hotspots of biodiversity? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) Western Ghats
Solution:Western Ghat is a hotspot of biodiversity.

32. Which of the following has been identified as a 'biodiversity hotspots' in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2015]

Correct Answer: (b) Western Ghats
Solution:Western Ghat is a hotspot of biodiversity.

33. Which of the following is considered a "Hotspot" of biodiversity in India? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (b) Western Ghats
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (b) is correct.

34. Biodiversity hotspots in Indian are the - [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]

(i) Eastern Ghats
(ii) Western Ghats
(iii) Eastern Himalayas
(iv) Western India
codes:

Correct Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii)
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (b) is correct.

35. Which of the following is considered 'Hot Spot' of biodiversity? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) Eastern Himalaya
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (b) is correct.

36. The 'Hotspots' (in the context of the environment found in India are - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (c) Eastern Himalayan Range, Western Ghat
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (c) is correct.

37. Which one of the following is not a 'biodiversity hotspots' of India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains)2016]

Correct Answer: (b) Vindhyas
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (b) is correct.

38. Which of the following regions of India has been designated as biodiversity hot spots? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Select the correct answer from the code given below :
1. Eastern Himalaya
2. Eastern Ghat
3. Western Ghat
4. Western Himalaya

codes :

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (b) is correct.

39. The most biodiversity rich area in India is - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (c) Western Ghats
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (c) is correct.

40. Which of the following is considered a 'hot-spot' of biodiversity in India? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Western Ghats
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (d) is correct.

41. Which one of the following regions of India is regarded as an 'ecological hot spot'? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (c) Western Ghats
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (c) is correct.

42. Which of the following is a bio-diversity rich place in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) Western Ghat
Solution:Biodiversity is a contraction of the term "biological diversity" that refers to variety among and between living organisms. Areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered are called biodiversity 'Hotspot'. Officially, four out of the 36 biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland. Hence option (a) is correct.

43. Which among the following is not a globally accepted National 'hot spot' of India? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (b) Naro Hills
Solution:A Biodiversity hot spot' is a region with a high amount of biodiversity that experience habitat loss by human activity. In order to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot according to Conservation International a region must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (70.5% of the world's total) as endemics and it have lost atleast 70% of its original habitat. There are major four biodiversity hot spot in India. The Himalaya as, Indo-Burma Region, Western Ghat and Sundaland. Naro Hills is not a Hot Spot of India.

44. Which of the following regions of our country is known as a "HotSpot of Biodiversity"? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (b) Western Ghats
Solution:A Biodiversity hot spot' is a region with a high amount of biodiversity that experience habitat loss by human activity. In order to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot according to Conservation International a region must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (70.5% of the world's total) as endemics and it have lost atleast 70% of its original habitat. There are major four biodiversity hot spot in India. The Himalaya as, Indo-Burma Region, Western Ghat and Sundaland. Naro Hills is not a Hot Spot of India.

45. Given below are two statements one of labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Assertion (A) : Phytoplankton grow in abundance in the limnetic zone.
Reason (R) : Limnetic zone is open water zone, Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
codes :

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:The limnetic zone is the most photosynthetically active zone of a lake since it is the primary habitat for planktonic species. Because phytoplankton populations have highest density here, it is the zone largely responsible for oxygen production within the aquatic ecosystem. The limnetic zone is the open and well-lit area of a freestanding body of a freshwater, such as a lake or pond. Not included in this area is the littoral zone, which is the shallow, near-shore area of the water body.

46. Three of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of Western Ghats, Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

1. Species richness
2. Vegetation density
3. Endemism
4. Ethno-botanical importance
5. Threat perception
6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm and humid conditions

Which three of the above are correct criteria in this context?

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 5
Solution:The criteria for the recognition of regions as hotspot are species richness, endemism and threat perception that led to the recognition of Western Ghats, Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity.

47. The destruction of biodiversity is due to : [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Correct Answer: (d) All the above
Solution:The main cause of the loss of biodiversity is the influence of human beings on the world's ecosystem. The threats to biodiversity can be summarized in the following main points: Alteration and loss of the habitats
Introduction of exotic species and genetically modified organisms
Pollution
Climate change
Overexploitation of resources

48. The main reason for the decrease in biodiversity is : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Natural habitat destruction
Solution:Natural habitat destruction is the main reason for the decrease in biodiversity as the transformation of the natural areas determines not only the loss of the plant species but also a decrease in the animal species associated with them.

49. The main reason for the decrease in biodiversity is - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Habitat destruction
Solution:Natural habitat destruction is the main reason for the decrease in biodiversity as the transformation of the natural areas determines not only the loss of the plant species but also a decrease in the animal species associated with them.

50. Which of the following factor is the most important factor for the lost of biodiversity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (a) Destruction of natural habitat
Solution:Destriction of natural habitatis the most important factor for the lost of biodiversity. Habitat loss posses the greatest threat to species. The world's forests, swamps, plains, lakes,and other habitats continue to disappear as they are harvested for human consumption and cleared to make way for agriculture, housing, roads, pipelines and the other hallmarks of industrial development.
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