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Biodiversity part 1

📆 September 30, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Biodiversity is described as - [U.P.R.O./A.R.O.(Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) The range of different species in an environment
Solution:The diverse range of organisms (plants and animals) found in an ecosystem, is defined as biodiversity. The species are organized in different communities which are found in a particular ecosystem. Biodiversity is denoted with (a) alfa, (β) beta and (y) gamma indicating different categories. This classification was advanced by Whittaker in 1960.

2. Among the mathematical indices for measuring biodiversity, which one shows the mean species diversity in a habitat at a local scale? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (a) Alpha index
Solution:Species Richness - It is the measure of species found in a community.

Alpha Diversity - In ecology, Alpha Diversity (a-diversity) is the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale.

Beta Diversity - It is the comparison of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the change in the amount of species between the ecosystems.

Gamma Diversity - It is a measure of the overall diversity for the different ecosystems within a region.

3. Biodiversity means - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (c) Diverse kinds of plants and animals in a particular area.
Solution:The diversity of organisms (Plants and animals) present in an ecosystem is defined as bio-diversity. Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature that includes the variety of genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species in an ecosystem and various types of ecosystems on the earth. It has been estimated that only around 1.75 million species out of the potential 8.7 million species of all the plants and animals have been identified and described so far, the majority of which are insects.

The biodiversity of a region is influenced by climatic factors as well as human interventions. The diversity of life on earth is essential for the healthy functioning of ecosystems and it is biodiversity that boosts ecosystem productivity. India is one of the 17 world's recognised mega-diverse countries, home to roughly 7-8% of all documented species and four of the 36 globally defined biodiversity hotspots.

4. The most significant aspect of biodiversity is : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Maintenance of ecosystem
Solution:The most significant aspect of biodiversity is the maintenance of the ecosystem. Biodiversity functions on different levels of species, communities and ecosystems. Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature that includes the variety of genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species in an ecosystem and various types of ecosystems on the earth. It has been estimated that only around 1.75 million species out of the potential 8.7 million species of all the plants and animals have been identified and described so far, the majority of which are insects.

The biodiversity of a region is influenced by climatic factors as well as human interventions. The diversity of life on earth is essential for the healthy functioning of ecosystems and it is biodiversity that boosts ecosystem productivity. India is one of the 17 world's recognised mega-diverse countries, home to roughly 7-8% of all documented species and four of the 36 globally defined biodiversity hotspots.

5. Which one of the following is the most important factor responsible for the decline of biodiversity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (c) Destruction of habitat
Solution:Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity. Cutting of forests to create fields, filling in wetlands to build houses, and creating dams that change river flow, are all examples of habitat destruction. The process of genetic assimilation is one by which a phenotypic character, which initially is produced only in response to some environmental influence, becomes, through a process of selection, taken over by the genotype, so that it is formed even in the absence of the environmental influence.

6. Indian aims to achieve land degradation neutrality by the year : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (b) 2030
Solution:LDN is a simple idea and a powerful tool. It means securing enough healthy and productive natural resources by avoiding degradation whenever possible and restoring land that has already been degraded. At its core are better land management practices and better land-use planning that will improve economic, social and ecological sustainability for present and future generations.

LDN provides significant benefits in terms of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Halting and reversing land degradation can transform the land from being a source of greenhouse gas emissions to a carbon sink, by increasing carbon stocks in soils and vegetation.

Furthermore, LDN plays a key role in strengthening the resilience of rural communities against climate shocks by securing and improving the provision of vital ecosystem services.

India hosted the 14th Conference of Parties (COP14) of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification in 2019. India is highlighting its leadership in navigating the land management agenda at the global level.

India has revised its land restoration targets to an upward of 26 million hectares from the previously set target of 21 million hectares. The targets to restore degraded land will be achieved by 2030. Various schemes have been launched by the Government of India such as Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), Soil HealthCard Scheme, Soil Health Management Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojna (PKSY), Per Drop More Crop, etc. are helping to reduce land degradation.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has launched a flagship project on enhancing capacity on forest landscape restoration (FLR) and Bonn Challenge in India, through this flagship project India aims to develop and adopt best practices and monitoring protocols for the Indian states and build capacity. ISRO, Ahmedabad, along with its partner institutes has carried out an inventory and monitoring of desertification of the entire country using Indian Remote Sensing Satellites data in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment.

7. Who among the following had used the term 'Biodiversity' for the first time? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) Walter G. Rosen
Solution:The word biodiversity is a contraction of the phrase "biological diversity" and was first coined in 1985 by Walter G. Rosen of the National Research Council as a title word in a seminar, organized to discuss biological diversity.

Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature that includes the variety of genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species in an ecosystem and various types of ecosystems on the earth. It has been estimated that only around 1.75 million species out of the potential 8.7 million species of all the plants and animals have been identified and described so far, the majority of which are insects.

The biodiversity of a region is influenced by climatic factors as well as human interventions. The diversity of life on earth is essential for the healthy functioning of ecosystems and it is biodiversity that boosts ecosystem productivity.

India is one of the 17 world's recognised mega-diverse countries, home to roughly 7-8% of all documented species and four of the 36 globally defined biodiversity hotspots.

8. Who coined the term 'Bio-diversity'? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (d) Walter G. Rosen
Solution:The word biodiversity is a contraction of the phrase "biological diversity" and was first coined in 1985 by Walter G. Rosen of the National Research Council as a title word in a seminar, organized to discuss biological diversity.

Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature that includes the variety of genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species in an ecosystem and various types of ecosystems on the earth. It has been estimated that only around 1.75 million species out of the potential 8.7 million species of all the plants and animals have been identified and described so far, the majority of which are insects.

The biodiversity of a region is influenced by climatic factors as well as human interventions. The diversity of life on earth is essential for the healthy functioning of ecosystems and it is biodiversity that boosts ecosystem productivity.

India is one of the 17 world's recognised mega-diverse countries, home to roughly 7-8% of all documented species and four of the 36 globally defined biodiversity hotspots.

9. The decade 2011-20 has been designated by the U.N.O as the decade of - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (b) Bio-diversity decade
Solution:The United Nations General Assembly declared 2011-20 the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity (Resolution 65/161) on 22, December 2010. The goal of the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity is to support the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and to promote its overall vision of living in harmony with nature. The UN Decade on Biodiversity serves to promote and support the implementation of the objectives of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. In 2010, The objectives were adopted at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the CBD, in Nagoya, Japan. The UN Decade on Biodiversity is with the goal of significantly reducing biodiversity loss.

10. United Nations Organization has declared decade 2011-2020 as : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (a) Decade on Biodiversity
Solution:United Nations Organization has declared the period 2011- 2020 as 'Decade on Biodiversity'. The main goal is to mainstream biodiversity at different levels. Throughout the decade, governments are encouraged to develop, implement and communicate the results of national strategies for implementation of the strategic Plan for Biodiversity.
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