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Biodiversity part 1

📆 September 30, 2024

Total Questions: 50

11. India's first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is located in which city? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) Jamnagar
Solution:India's first National Centre for marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is located in Jamnagar (Gujarat). The centre will have the goal of safeguarding the biodiversity of coastal areas. This project is part of a Public-Private Partnership with the Reliance industry. The center is a part of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project launched recently by the Ministry with World Bank assistance through the Society for Integrated Coastal Management, to be managed in the State by the Gujarat Ecology Commission. The national center for marine biodiversity has the goal for Protection of the Marine biodiversity which is located around the coast of India so that the coast could have better marine biodiversity.

12. First National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) of India is situated at - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (d) Jamnagar
Solution:First National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) of India is situated at Jamnagar. This project is part of a Public-Private Partnership with the Reliance industry. The center is a part of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project launched recently by the Ministry with World Bank assistance through the Society for Integrated Coastal Management, to be managed in the State by the Gujarat Ecology Commission. The national center for marine biodiversity has the goal for Protection of the Marine biodiversity which is located around the coast of India so that the coast could have better marine biodiversity.

13. The maximum biodiversity is found in - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Tropical rain forest
Solution:Tropical forests are rich ecosystems located in tropical zones surrounding the equator. They make up six percent of Earth'sland surface area. They have a dense upper canopy of broad-leafed trees. These forests are known for supporting a wide variety of plant and animal life and have nutrient-poor soils with rapid decomposition. More than 50 percent of land-based plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical forests.

They encompass both tropical deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.

  • Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high and where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 to 2,500 mm (about 70 to 100 inches) annually and occurs fairly evenly throughout the year.
  • Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 and 1,800 mm and in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically support tropical deciduous forests.

Brazil is home to about a third of the planet's remaining tropical rainforests, including two-thirds of the Amazon rainforest. Tropical forests play a critical part in the planet's water cycle and are crucial carbon sinks, storing about a quarter of all terrestrial carbon on Earth.

14. The maximum biodiversity is found in : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Tropical rain forest
Solution:Tropical forests are rich ecosystems located in tropical zones surrounding the equator. They make up six percent of Earth'sland surface area. They have a dense upper canopy of broad-leafed trees. These forests are known for supporting a wide variety of plant and animal life and have nutrient-poor soils with rapid decomposition. More than 50 percent of land-based plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical forests.

They encompass both tropical deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.

  • Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high and where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 to 2,500 mm (about 70 to 100 inches) annually and occurs fairly evenly throughout the year.
  • Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 and 1,800 mm and in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically support tropical deciduous forests.

Brazil is home to about a third of the planet's remaining tropical rainforests, including two-thirds of the Amazon rainforest. Tropical forests play a critical part in the planet's water cycle and are crucial carbon sinks, storing about a quarter of all terrestrial carbon on Earth.

15. Which of the following has the largest biodiversity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical rain forest biome
Solution:Tropical forests are rich ecosystems located in tropical zones surrounding the equator. They make up six percent of Earth'sland surface area. They have a dense upper canopy of broad-leafed trees. These forests are known for supporting a wide variety of plant and animal life and have nutrient-poor soils with rapid decomposition. More than 50 percent of land-based plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical forests.

They encompass both tropical deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.

  • Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high and where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 to 2,500 mm (about 70 to 100 inches) annually and occurs fairly evenly throughout the year.
  • Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 and 1,800 mm and in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically support tropical deciduous forests.

Brazil is home to about a third of the planet's remaining tropical rainforests, including two-thirds of the Amazon rainforest. Tropical forests play a critical part in the planet's water cycle and are crucial carbon sinks, storing about a quarter of all terrestrial carbon on Earth.

16. The greatest diversity of animal and plant species occurs in : [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical moist forests
Solution:Tropical forests are rich ecosystems located in tropical zones surrounding the equator. They make up six percent of Earth'sland surface area. They have a dense upper canopy of broad-leafed trees. These forests are known for supporting a wide variety of plant and animal life and have nutrient-poor soils with rapid decomposition. More than 50 percent of land-based plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical forests.

They encompass both tropical deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.

  • Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high and where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 to 2,500 mm (about 70 to 100 inches) annually and occurs fairly evenly throughout the year.
  • Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 and 1,800 mm and in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically support tropical deciduous forests.

Brazil is home to about a third of the planet's remaining tropical rainforests, including two-thirds of the Amazon rainforest. Tropical forests play a critical part in the planet's water cycle and are crucial carbon sinks, storing about a quarter of all terrestrial carbon on Earth.

17. In which of the following ecosystems the species diversity is relatively higher? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (c) Coral reefs
Solution:Tropical rainforests: These ecosystems are characterized by high levels of precipitation, warm temperatures, and a wide variety of plant and animal species. Their complex structure and abundant resources support a great number of different life forms.

Coral reefs: These underwater ecosystems are formed by coral polyps, which are tiny marine animals that secrete a hard, calcium carbonate exoskeleton. They provide a complex habitat for a vast array of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and other organisms.

Both rainforests and coral reefs have high species diversity, meaning they are home to a large number of different species of plants and animals. This diversity makes them resilient to environmental changes and helps them withstand disturbances. Tropical rain forest on land and coral reefs in marine systems are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. Hence, Uttar Pradesh Service Commission has option (c) as the correct answer.

18. Biodiversity changes occur : [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Increases towards the equator
Solution:Biodiversity increases towards the equator. Biodiversity is not equal on earth. It varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things (biota) depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude, soil, geography and the presence of other species.

19. Which of the following statement is NOT true? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (a) Species diversity increases from equator towards poles.
Solution:Species diversity is higher at the equator than at the poles. In biological terms, this is referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which the number of species increases from the poles to the Equator. This ranks among the broadest and most notable biodiversity patterns on Earth. The pattern of species-rich tropics (e.g. lush rainforests teeming with 'Life') relative to species-poor temperate and polar areas (e.g. barren polar deserts), has been recognized for over a century, but the reasons for the LDG have remained a mystery. A new study suggests that higher species diversity in equatorial regions may be caused by higher rates of speciation (the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution), driven by changes in precipitation across space and through time.

20. The richest biodiversity is found in the : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003]

Correct Answer: (a) Silent Valley
Solution:The richest biodiversity is found in Silent Valley in Kerala. Silent valley National Park is a beautiful representation of the last remaining rain forest of Kerala. Significantly, silent valley was declared as National Park in 1984 and formally inaugurated in the year 1985. Notably, initially there was only 89.52 sq. km area under the Division which forms the core zone of the National park. In 2007, an area of 148 sq. km. was added to this division as buffer zone.
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