Biology Miscellaneous (Part-I)

Earlier, the Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM & H) formed in 1995, was responsible for the development of these systems.

It was then renamed as the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (Ayush) in November, 2003 with focused attention towards education and research in Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy.

Finally, the Ministry of Ayush was formed on the 9th November, 2014 with a vision of reviving the profound knowledge of our ancient systems of medicine and ensuring the optimal development and propagation of the Ayush systems of healthcare.

The Red Ribbon Express is a train in India that aims to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS. Launched in 2007, it travels across the country, reaching remote areas to deliver messages about HIV prevention and promoting safe practices. The train also focuses on educating young people and linking HIV with general health issues.

The Red Ribbon Express is a symbol of India's commitment to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic and is an example of how government initiatives can be implemented through existing infrastructure.

The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) is the nodal agency for the Red Ribbon Express, playing a key role in its implementation and coordination. The red ribbon is a widely recognized symbol of HIV/AIDS awareness, and the Red Ribbon Express is named after it.

The Red Ribbon Express is part of a broader government effort to address HIV/AIDS, which includes initiatives like Red Ribbon Clubs in schools and colleges.

AIDS program, Sanraksha (Bengaluru) was started as an HIV counseling service in 1993 and today offers a continuum of services that range from HIV testing to hospice care.

Another is the Sampoorna Suraksha Strategy (SSS), a program by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) to expand HIV prevention efforts. Additionally, there's a Sanraksha app launched by Indian Railways for frontline staff.

NACO has implemented SSS as an "immersion learning model" in 150 districts across 20 states. The SSS aims to provide comprehensive services in a stigma-free environment for individuals perceived as at risk for HIV infection.

The program also aims to reach out to those who are not part of targeted intervention projects or who are operating through virtual platforms.

Avahan is an initiative sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to reduce the spread of HIV in India. It began in 2003. Avahan has successfully built a large-scale HIV intervention program in its first five years.

It operates in six states in India, which have a combined population of 300 million people. Within these states, it provides prevention services to nearly 200,000 female sex workers, 60,000 high-risk men who have sex with men, and 20,000 injecting drug users, together with 5 million men at risk.

Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.

The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.

The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.

The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

Under Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy, the interventions for tackling the problem of anaemia in all the States and UTs include :

(i) Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in all six target age groups (including pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women).
(ii) Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign for : (a) improving compliance to Iron Folic Acid supplementation and deworming, (b) enhancing appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, (c) encouraging increase in intake of iron-rich food through diet diversity/quantity/frequency and/or fortified foods with focus on harnessing locally available resources, and (d) ensuring delayed cord clamping after delivery (by 3 minutes) in health facilities.

(iii) Testing and treatment of anaemia, using digital methods and point of care treatment, with special focus on pregnant women and school-going adolescents.

(iv) Addressing non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect, while other three statements are correct.