Biology Miscellaneous (Part-I)

1. AYUSH is an acronym for: [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
(b) Allopathy, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
(c) Allopathy, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
(d) Ayurveda and Allopathy, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy

Correct Answer: (a) Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy

Solution:AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy and are the six Indian systems of medicine prevalent and practiced in India and some of the neighboring Asian countries with very few exceptions in some of the developed countries. Earlier, the Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM & H) formed in 1995, was responsible for the development of these systems. It was then renamed as the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (Ayush) in November, 2003 with focused attention towards education and research in Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. Finally, the Ministry of Ayush was formed on the 9th November, 2014 with a vision of reviving the profound knowledge of our ancient systems of medicine and ensuring the optimal development and propagation of the Ayush systems of healthcare.

2. 'Red Ribbon Express' is a visual and moving medium for- [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Awareness about AIDS
(b) Awareness about Pulse Polio
(c) Programme for protecting girl child
(d) Programme for protecting all the children from malnutrition

Correct Answer: (a) Awareness about AIDS

Solution:The Red Ribbon Express is a train in India that aims to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS. Launched in 2007, it travels across the country, reaching remote areas to deliver messages about HIV prevention and promoting safe practices. The train also focuses on educating young people and linking HIV with general health issues.

The Red Ribbon Express is a symbol of India's commitment to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic and is an example of how government initiatives can be implemented through existing infrastructure. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) is the nodal agency for the Red Ribbon Express, playing a key role in its implementation and coordination. The red ribbon is a widely recognized symbol of HIV/AIDS awareness, and the Red Ribbon Express is named after it. The Red Ribbon Express is part of a broader government effort to address HIV/AIDS, which includes initiatives like Red Ribbon Clubs in schools and colleges.

3. 'SANRAKSHA' is- [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

(a) Malaria Research and Control Project (Bengaluru)
(b) AIDS Research and Control Project (Bengaluru)
(c) T.B. Research and Control Project (New Delhi)
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) AIDS Research and Control Project (Bengaluru)

Solution:AIDS program, Sanraksha (Bengaluru) was started as an HIV counseling service in 1993 and today offers a continuum of services that range from HIV testing to hospice care.

Another is the Sampoorna Suraksha Strategy (SSS), a program by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) to expand HIV prevention efforts. Additionally, there's a Sanraksha app launched by Indian Railways for frontline staff.

NACO has implemented SSS as an "immersion learning model" in 150 districts across 20 states. The SSS aims to provide comprehensive services in a stigma-free environment for individuals perceived as at risk for HIV infection. The program also aims to reach out to those who are not part of targeted intervention projects or who are operating through virtual platforms.

4. ‘AVAHAN’ the Indian segment of ‘Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’, is engaged in the prevention of- [53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]

(a) Dengue
(b) Polio
(c) HIV/AIDS
(d) Filariasis

Correct Answer: (c) HIV/AIDS

Solution:Avahan is an initiative sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to reduce the spread of HIV in India. It began in 2003. Avahan has successfully built a large-scale HIV intervention program in its first five years. It operates in six states in India, which have a combined population of 300 million people. Within these states, it provides prevention services to nearly 200,000 female sex workers, 60,000 high-risk men who have sex with men, and 20,000 injecting drug users, together with 5 million men at risk.

5. NACO is an organisation dealing with- [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

(a) Cancer
(b) Child Healthcare
(c) AIDS
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (c) AIDS

Solution:The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), established in 1992, is a division of India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that provides leadership to HIV/AIDS control programme in India through HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies and is “the nodal organisation for formulation of policy and implementation of programs for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India.”

6. ‘Mission Indradhanush’ of the Union Government is related to- [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Pulse production
(b) Immunization of children against seven vaccine-preventable diseases
(c) Skill development
(d) Tourism promotion

Correct Answer: (b) Immunization of children against seven vaccine-preventable diseases

Solution:Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.
The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

7. The mission ‘Indradhanush’ launched by the Government of India is in connection with : [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2017]

(a) Education of children
(b) Immunization of children
(c) Social upliftment
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (b) Immunization of children

Solution:Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.
The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

8. Mission Indradhanush Campaign in India is associated with - [U.P.P.S.C. (Mains) 2015]

(a) Nutrition to pregnant women
(b) Awareness of diabetes
(c) Eradication of blindness
(d) Vaccination of children

Correct Answer: (d) Vaccination of children

Solution:Mission Indradhanush was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India on 25th December, 2014. The objective of this mission is to ensure that all children under the age of two years as well as a pregnant woman are fully immunized against the seven vaccine preventable diseases.
The mission Indradhanush, depicting seven colours of the rainbow targets to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases, namely : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio, Hepatitis-B and Measles.

9. Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women.
It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of child-birth.
It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents.
It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four

Correct Answer: (c) Only three

Solution:Under Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy, the interventions for tackling the problem of anaemia in all the States and UTs include :
(i) Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in all six target age groups (including pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women).
(ii) Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign for : (a) improving compliance to Iron Folic Acid supplementation and deworming, (b) enhancing appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, (c) encouraging increase in intake of iron-rich food through diet diversity/quantity/frequency and/or fortified foods with focus on harnessing locally available resources, and (d) ensuring delayed cord clamping after delivery (by 3 minutes) in health facilities.
(iii) Testing and treatment of anaemia, using digital methods and point of care treatment, with special focus on pregnant women and school-going adolescents.
(iv) Addressing non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect, while other three statements are correct.

10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

List-I (Programme)	List-II (Launch Year)
A. National Programme for Control of Blindness	1. 1975
B. Integrated Child Development Scheme	2. 1976
C. National Leprosy Eradication Programme	3. 2005
D. National Rural Health Mission	4. 1983

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	2	3	4
(b)	2	4	1	3
(c)	2	1	4	3
(d)	4	3	2	1

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Correct Answer: (c)

Solution:The correct match of List-I with List-II is as follows:

Programme	Launch Year
National Programme for Control of Blindness	1976
Integrated Child Development Scheme	1975
National Leprosy Eradication Programme	1983
National Rural Health Mission	2005