Biology (Part-3) (CDS-Solved Paper)

Axon is the structure that is not present in connective tissue. It is a part of nervous tissue that forms a long, slender projection of a nerve cell or neuron and conducts electrical impulses away from neuron’s cell body.

On the other hand connective tissue consists of blood, lymph, cartilage, fibres (like collagen fibres), ground substance and cells (like lymphocytes and chondrocytes).

The word ‘vaccine’ comes from the Latin word vaccinus which means ‘pertaining to cows’. The first vaccine was based on the relatively mild cowpox virus, which infected cow and people associated with them. This vaccine protected people against smallpox virus. Pig, horse and dog are not connected to the origin of vaccine word.

Cell membrane is present in both plant and animal cells whereas cell wall is absent in animal cells. Prokaryotic cells does not possess a well-defined nucleus. The DNA exists freely in the cytoplasm as a closed loop. Mitochondria and chromoplasts are found in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They aid in protein synthesis.

All the statements are true about mammals except (c). The heart of the mammals is four-chambered with two auricles and two ventricles that prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Double circulation is the characteristic feature of mammalian heart.

Kamal Bawa, a professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts, has received the 2014 MIDORI Prize in Biodiversity. Bawa has received the MIDORI Prize in recognition of his research on the ecology and sustainable use of tropical forests.

The MIDORI Prize for Biodiversity was established in 2010 at the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the AEON Environmental Foundation, which coincided with the celebration of the International Year of Biodiversity.

The correct matching is
Animals    Phylum
Ascaris Nematoda
Malarial parasite Protozoa
Housefly Arthropoda
Cow Mammalia

Mushrooms are heterotrophs because they get their food from decomposition of organic matter and consume nutrients from the soil. Sandal wood plant is a partial root parasite whose roots draw some nourishment from the roots of other trees.

Cuscuta (has no chlorophyll) parasitises on wild and cultivated plants like alfalfa and potatoes. Nepenthes (pitcher plant) is a carnivorous, insectivorous plant which attracts and kills their prey to gain nitrogen and phosphorus minerals to supplement their nutrient requirements.

Holstein Friesians are a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest production dairy animals. They give on an average of about 7330 litres of milk/year. While on the other hand Brown Swiss produces the second largest quantity of milk per annum. Blaarkop produces 6000 litres of milk on an average and Dutch belted breed supplies about 12000-15000 pounds of milk per lactation period.

Elephantiasis is a chronic disease whose causal organism is Wuchereria bancrofti, a human parasitic roundworm. The disease usually spreads through bite of Culex pipiens which further develops in mosquito and change into Microfilariae and it reaches to man.

Finally it reaches the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs where lymphatic fluid accumulate leading to swelling of affected organ. Filariasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by blood feeding arthropods mainly black flies and mosquitoes.

Statement given in option (c) is not correct. Cereals are rich source of carbohydrates, i.e. they contain 80% of them. Milk is a rich source of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin-B₁₂ and it also contains a good amount of vitamin-A. Vegetables are rich source of both vitamins and minerals while, pulses are considered as the richest source of proteins.