Biology (Part-IX) (Railway)

• It is the method of choice for treating large volumes of infectious waste, animal carcasses, and contaminated bedding materials.

•  It can be inactive until they infect some cell

• Viruses can infect a variety of living organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals.

• The Scientific Study of virus is Known as virology.

• By damaging the immune system, HIV interferes with body's ability to fight infection and disease.

• The fact that the recessive trait reappeared in the F2 generation meant that the traits remained separate (not blended) in the plants of the F1 generation.

• Mendel counted the number of second-generation (F2) progeny with dominant or recessive traits and found a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

• He concluded that traits were not blended but remained distinct in subsequent generations

• However, prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, lack membrane-bound organelles (including chloroplasts).

• They have infoldings of the plasma membrane for chlorophyll attachment and photosynthesis.

• It is here that organisms like cyanobacteria can carry out photosynthesis.

• The pancreas secretes glucagon and insulin.

• Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis resulting in hyperglycemia.

• Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake and utilisation, and glycogenesis resulting in hypoglycemia.

• It includes safety glasses, goggles, face shields, gloves, lab coats, aprons, ear plugs, and respirators.