Biology (Part-VI) (Railway)

• They cannot be decomposed or dissolved by natural agents.

• Pepsin requires an acidic medium to exert its action.

• It carries out the initial and partial hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach with the aid of secreted hydrochloric acid.

• A balanced diet contains energy-giving foods (rice, roti etc.), body-building foods (pulses, yogurt) and protective or regulatory foods (vegetables and fruits).

• Carbohydrates are translocated from leaves to roots and storage organs along the phloem in the form of sucrose.

• They are translocated through living sieve elements of phloem.

• The transport of water and mineral elements absorbed by roots from the soil takes place through the xylem.

• Phloem helps in the transportation of the synthesized food from the leaves to various storage organs such as stems, fruits, roots, etc.

• The transportation of food in plants through phloem is bi directional i.e., in both upward and downward directions.

• He speculated that the conditions on earth at that time, which were far from the conditions we see today, could have given rise to more complex organic molecules that were necessary for life.

• The first primitive organisms would arise from further chemical synthesis.

• Cuboidal tissue provides a layer of protection from abrasion, invading bacteria, foreign bodies, and excessive water loss.

• It also carries out the function of ion exchange by absorbing ions (Na+, K+) from blood and transporting them to other parts of the kidney.

• From the results of a dihybrid cross, Mendel concluded that factors (alleles) after segregation to form gametes could assort with any other gamete independently.

• Based on this conclusion, Mendal gave the law of independent assortment

• Paramecia are completely covered with cilia (fine hairlike filaments) that beat rhythmically to propel them and to direct bacteria and other food particles.

• Cilia primarily helps in locomotion and gathering food.