Biology (Part-VII) (Railway)

• All these characters belong to different chromosomes in the pea plant.

• Proteins make up hormones and enzymes

• The formation of any particular protein is controlled by a specific gene.

• Genes contain instructions, for making proteins in a cell.

• They synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

• They store carbohydrates in the form of starch.

• Biomagnification shows the concentration of agricultural pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and fungicides in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

• This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide. The other product is water.

• The breakdown of pyruvate in order to generate carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration.

• Land-living animals and whales qurvive thraugh the reverse gas erchange.

•  The gas transport at he qurface takes ploce by diffusion.

• larger animals need vevtilation to increase the gas trans-port, they breathe.

• The lungs take care of this gas excharge, the respiration, invalving both convection and diffusion.

• HIV is a unique human RNA virus, capable of infecting cells of the immune system.

• Specifically, HIV targets T helper cells (CD4 cells), leading to the eventual death of the cell.

• By damaging the immune system, HIV interferes with body's ability to fight infection and disease.

• It is also the store house of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

• Amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which our body can more easily absorb.

• Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.

• Transpiration plays a major role in the transportation of water in plants.

• It is followed by the diffusion of water through the air spaces and out of the stomata.