Biology : Taxonomy Part-I

Total Questions: 50

31. Which organism among these breathes from skin? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) Fish
(b) Pigeon
(c) Frog
(d) Cockroach

Correct Answer: (c) Frog

Solution:The frog is an amphibian creature and can live in water and land both. They are cold-blooded animals who often change their body temperature according to climate. The frog's skin is composed of thin membranous tissue that is quite permeable to water and contains a large network of blood vessels. The thin membranous skin allows the respiratory gases to readily diffuse directly down their gradients between the blood vessels and the surrounding. When the frog is out of the water, mucus gland in the skin keeps the frog moist, which helps absorb dissolved oxygen from the air. So a frog can breathe by skin and lungs both.

32. Frogs are cold-blooded animals — [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) True
(b) False
(c) None of the above
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (a) True

Solution:Frogs are cold-blooded animals, it is true. Some other cold-blooded animals are snakes, lizards, fish, crocodile etc. As amphibians, their body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of their surroundings. They are unable to maintain a constant internal body temperature like warm-blooded animals.

33. During the metamorphosis of frog — [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]

(a) Hind legs disappear
(b) Ingestion of food is slowed down
(c) Skin becomes rough
(d) Intestine is shortened

Correct Answer: (d) Intestine is shortened

Solution:Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Thyroid hormone controls remodeling of the tadpole intestine during the climax of amphibian metamorphosis. During the metamorphosis of frog, intestine shortens in length which helps to digest flesh food.

34. Which of the following is not one of the animals that has been taught to use language with some success? [U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

(a) Chimpanzee
(b) Parrot
(c) Dog
(d) Dolphin

Correct Answer: (c) Dog

Solution:The Chimpanzee, Parrot and Dolphin can be trained to use language with some success but a dog cannot be trained to use language.

Chimpanzees:

Chimpanzees, like other great apes, have been trained to use sign language (like American Sign Language) and can even learn to use symbols on a keyboard to communicate. However, while they can learn specific words and phrases, their understanding of syntax and the ability to combine words in complex ways is limited, according to a study by Northern Arizona University.

Parrots:

Parrots, especially African Grey parrots, are known for their ability to mimic human speech. Some can even learn to use words in context and understand the meaning of some of the words they repeat. However, they typically don't grasp the full complexity of human language or the nuances of syntax.

Dolphins:

Dolphins communicate with a complex system of clicks, whistles, and other vocalizations. They can learn to associate sounds with objects and can potentially be trained to mimic human language, though their understanding of meaning and syntax is still under investigation.

Dogs:

Dogs can learn to associate words with specific actions or objects and can understand commands and cues, but their ability to use language in a complex, structured way is limited. While they can understand some human language, they don't have the cognitive ability to understand the meaning of words in the same way as humans, apes, or parrots.

35. Which of the following property separate a man/human from apes? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Evince a desire to learn
(b) By a rudimentary sense of smell
(c) Contrary thumb
(d) Broader chin

Correct Answer: (a) Evince a desire to learn

Solution:Human is the smartest creature in the animal kingdom. They are the only creature who has a desire to learn and the ability to express. While humans have a large brain-to-body size ratio and a complex cerebral cortex, which are linked to higher cognitive functions, other animals, like dolphins and chimpanzees, also exhibit advanced cognitive abilities. For example, dolphins have a sophisticated ability to learn and pass on knowledge, and they also demonstrate self-awareness and abstract thinking.

Humans have a strong innate drive to learn, which is linked to their cultural development and their ability to build on previous knowledge. However, other animals also display curiosity and a desire to learn, particularly those with complex social structures and tool use.

Humans have developed complex language systems that allow for nuanced communication about abstract concepts, emotions, and ideas. While other animals use a variety of vocalizations and behaviors to communicate, they may lack the ability to articulate ideas and concepts in the same way humans do.

36. Among the following, which one is not an ape? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Gibbon
(b) Gorilla
(c) Langur
(d) Orangutan

Correct Answer: (c) Langur

Solution:Apes are human’s closest living relatives. They do not have tails. In the animal kingdom, they belong to the group (Super-family) Hominoidea e.g. gibbon, gorilla, orangutans, chimpanzees and humans. Langur is the general name given to numerous species of Asian monkeys. They have long tails. They are not Apes. They belong to the subfamily Colobinae.

37. Smallest man-like ape is: [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Gibbon
(b) Chimpanzee
(c) Gorilla
(d) Orangutan

Correct Answer: (a) Gibbon

Solution:The gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan are called great apes in recognition of their comparatively large size and humanlike features. The gibbons are called lesser apes. They are the smallest and gentlest man-like ape.

38. Which one of the following makes a tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log of wood? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Fishing cat
(b) Orangutan
(c) Otter
(d) Labrador

Correct Answer: (b) Orangutan

Solution:Orangutans are known for their high cognitive abilities and have been observed using tools in the wild. One of the most common tools that orangutans use is a stick, which they use for a variety of purposes. Orangutans use sticks to remove insects from tree holes, poke logs for honey, and when eating Neesia fruits, which are known for their irritant hairs. Once they use the sticks to remove these impediments, they can feast on the fruit’s seeds unencumbered.

39. The Panda belongs to the same family as that of: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Bear
(b) Cat
(c) Dog
(d) Rabbit

Correct Answer: (a) Bear

Solution:The panda is a member of the bear family, Ursidae. Specifically, they are a subfamily within Ursidae called Ailuropodinae, making them a type of bear. Molecular studies have confirmed their classification as a true bear, distinct from the smaller red panda, which belongs to the family Ailuridae.

40. Which one of the following animals have three chambered heart? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Monkey
(b) Crocodile
(c) Fish
(d) Frog

Correct Answer: (d) Frog

Solution:Amphibians and most reptiles have a heart with three chambers – two atria and a single ventricle. The heart of the frog has three chambers, one ventricle and two atria. Fish have two chambered hearts while monkey and crocodile have four chambered hearts.

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