CAPF (AC) 2017 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

Total Questions: 50

41. In March 2017, a High Court of India had accorded the status of living human entities to which two of the following rivers?

(a) Brahmaputra and Ganga
(b) Ganga and Yamuna
(c) Yamuna and Godavari
(d) Krishna and Kaveri

Correct Answer: (b) Ganga and Yamuna

Solution:The Uttarakhand High Court has recognized the Ganga and the Yamuna as so-called living entities, giving the rivers that have seen years of damage at the hands of humans, a legal voice. It was the first time a court has recognized a non-human as a living entity in India.

The recognition came while the court was hearing a public interest litigation (PIL) in 2014. The bench comprising Justices Rajiv Sharma and Alok Singh also held that if the state government failed to fulfil its responsibility regarding the rivers, then the central government should step in. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

42. Which one of the following statements about land tenure system is NOT correct?

(a) During the British rule in India three categories of land tenure system, viz. Zamindari, Mahalwari and Ryotwari were introduced
(b) Under Zamindari system, land was held by one person or at the most by a few joint owners who were responsible for the payment of land revenue
(c) Under the Mahalwati system, the agricultural lands belonged to the Govemrnent
(d) Under Ryotwari system, the individual holders had the permanent rights over land and were directly responsible for payment of land revenue

Correct Answer: (c) Under the Mahalwati system, the agricultural lands belonged to the Govemrnent

Solution:During the British rule in India, the land system was divided into three categories, namely Zamindari, Mahalwaria and Ryotwari systems. In 1793, Cornwallis introduced the zamindari system through the Permanent Settlement Act.

The owners of the land are known as zamindars. They were given the right to collect the rent from the peasants.
In 1820, Thomas Munro introduced the Ryotwari system as a land revenue system in British India. In 1822, Holt Mackenzie introduced the Mahalwari system. Therefore, the correct option is (c).

43. Which of the following are the necessary conditions for the growth of coral reefs ?

1. Photic conditions

2. Clean and sediment free water

3. Sea salinity of 6%

4. Tropical sea water with temperature of 20°C to 21°C

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 4 only

Solution:The necessary conditions for the growth of coral reefs are photic, i.e. sunlight, clean and sediment-free water and tropical seawater. A temperature of 20°C to 21°C is required for the growth of coral reefs.

They cannot survive if the water is not clean and opaque. They have a huge impact on pollution and sediments. The average concentration of salt in water required for the growth is 27% to 40%. Therefore, the correct option is (a).

44. Which one of the following diseases is caused by Cadmium pollution?

(a) Minamata
(b) Itai-itai
(c) Fluorosis
(d) Blue baby syndrome

Correct Answer: (b) Itai-itai

Solution:The disease named Itai-Itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure. The element is produced as a result of human activities related to industrialisation.

Such a situation was seen in Japan in the 1960s for the first time. This disease is characterised by osteomalacia. The cause of the disease is a deficiency of vitamin D deficiency. The symptoms of the disease are severe pain in bones and renal tubular dysfunction. Therefore, the correct option is (b).

45. Presence of ozone in the atmosphere is important because it absorbs

(a) ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B radiations
(b) ultraviolet-B radiations only
(c) infrared-B radiations only
(d) outgoing ultraviolet-B radiations and incoming ultraviolet-A radiations

Correct Answer: (b) ultraviolet-B radiations only

Solution:The presence of ozone in the atmosphere is important because it absorbs ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B radiations. This layer absorbs more than 99 per cent of UV-C rays, and it is the most dangerous portion of the spectrum.

The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere around 15-30 km above the earth's surface. The layer has been damaged due to various human activities and while ozone layer health has improved, there's still much to be done therefore, the correct option is (b).

46. NPP (Net Primary Productivity) is highest for

(a) tropical forests
(b) swamps
(c) reefs
(d) woodland and shrub land

Correct Answer: (a) tropical forests

Solution:The full form of NPP is Net Primary Productivity. It is the amount equal to the carbon taken up by the vegetation through photosynthesis minus the carbon that is lost to respiration. It is the rate at which the energy is accumulated.

The highest net primary productivity in terrestrial environments occurs in swamps and marshes and tropical rainforests; the lowest occurs in deserts. NPP is the most measured one because it stores and accumulates the carbon present in ecosystems. Therefore, the correct option is (a).

47. Study of a single species and the environmental factors in its habitat is called

(a) Genecology
(b) Synecology
(c) Autecology
(d) Ethology

Correct Answer: (c) Autecology

Solution:The study of the interactions of an individual organism or a single species with the living and nonliving factors of its environment is called autecology. It is also called Species Ecology. It mainly deals with variables that can be easily measured such as light, humidity, and available nutrients.

The study of the relations between groups of organisms or coexisting biological communities like plants and animals is called Synecology. The study of animal behaviour is called ethology. Therefore, the correct option is (c).

48. In an examination, 25% of the candidates failed in Mathematics and 12% failed in English. If 10% of the candidates failed in both the subjects and 292 candidates passed in both the subjects, which one of the following is the number of total candidates appeared in the examination?

(a) 300
(b) 400
(c) 460
(d) 500

Correct Answer: (b) 400

Solution:

Total students = 100%

Failed students = 15 + 10 + 2 = 27%

Pass students = 100 - 27 = 73%

According to the question,

73% = 292

∴ 1% = 4

∴ 100% = 400

So, 400 candidates appeared in the examination.

49. 5% of income of A is equal to 15% of income of B and 10% income of B is equal to 20% of income of C. If the income of C is₹2,000, then what is the total income of A, B and C?

(a) ₹20,000
(b) ₹18,000
(c) ₹14,000
(d) ₹6,000

Correct Answer: (b) ₹18,000

Solution:5% of A = 15% of B

A/B = 15/5 = 3/1

And, 10% of B = 20% of C

B/C = 20/10 = 2/1

∴ A : B = 3 : 1

B : C = 2 : 1

A : B : C = 6 : 2 : 1

Income of C = ₹ 2000

Total income of A, B and C = 9 × 2000 = 18000

50. If the product of n positive numbers is unity, then their sum is

(a) a positive integer
(b) divisible by n
(c) equal to n+1/n
(d) never less than n

Correct Answer: (d) never less than n