CAPF (AC) 2023 (Paper-1) (Questions 51-100)

Total Questions: 50

11. In humans, urea is mainly formed from the metabolism of which one of the following components of food?

(a) Fatty acids
(b) Vitamins
(c) Amino acids
(d) Glucose

Correct Answer: (c) Amino acids

Solution:Breakdown of proteins give amino acids. These amino acids are further broken down to give ammonia. This ammonia is highly toxic and it cannot be stored in the body. So, it is converted to urea in the liver.

12. The lymph is mainly formed from the plasma of blood and it surrounds the cells. The main difference between blood and lymph is:

(a) Lymph does not contain red blood cells.
(b) Lymph does not contain white blood cells.
(c) Lymph contains both red blood cells and white blood cells.
(d) Lymph does not contain any cells.

Correct Answer: (a) Lymph does not contain red blood cells.

Solution:Blood has RBCs, WBC's, platelets, and a fluid called plasma. Whereas lymph has WBC's and watery fluid. They both have immune and also circulatory functions in them. One of the major differences between them is that blood flows through blood vessels and lymph through lymphatic vessels.

13. For the digestion of carbohydrate, protein and fat, enzymes such as amylase, trypsin and lipase are required. It is secreted into the duodenum through:

(a) Bile
(b) Plasma
(c) Lymph
(d) Pancreatic juice

Correct Answer: (d) Pancreatic juice

Solution:The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats. The walls of the small intestine contain glands which secrete intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

14. Lactic acid is formed in the muscles during exercise or running. It is formed:

(a) to give extra energy from fat.
(b) to give extra oxygen from lungs.
(c) to give extra energy from glucose.
(d) to give extra energy from vitamins.

Correct Answer: (c) to give extra energy from glucose.

Solution:Lactic acid is an important molecule in cellular respiration, glucose production, regulation of inflammation, and molecular signaling. Under anaerobic conditions, glucose (and more specifically, pyruvate) is converted into lactic acid in order to produce energy for the cells.

15. Fiscal deficit in the Union Budget means:

(a) the difference between current expenditure and current revenue.
(b) net increase in the borrowings of the Union Government from the Reserve Bank of India.
(c) the sum of budgetary deficits and the net increase in internal and external borrowings.
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) the sum of budgetary deficits and the net increase in internal and external borrowings.

Solution:The difference between total revenue and total expenditure of the government is termed as fiscal deficit. It is an indication of the total borrowings needed by the government. While calculating the total revenue, borrowings are not included.

16. Which one of the following is the largest component of revenue expenditure in the Union Budget 2022-23?

(a) Interest payments
(b) Defense expenditure
(c) Expenditure on healthcare
(d) Subsidies

Correct Answer: (a) Interest payments

Solution:Interest expenditure is 41% of revenue receipts. Capital expenditure is estimated to be ₹10,00,961 crore, a 37.4% increase from revised estimates of 2022-23. The increase in capital expenditure is driven by higher outlay on transport infrastructure and capital loans to states.

17. Adequacy of foreign exchange reserves of a country is captured by which of the following indicators?

1. Reserves to import ratio

2. Reserves to external debt ratio

3. Reserves to GDP ratio

4. Reserves to monetary aggregates

Select the correct answer using the code below:

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 4 only

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 4 only

Solution:Foreign exchange is used to pay for the imports and external debts. So adequacy of foreign exchange reserves is dependent on both imports as well as external debt. Also as foreign exchange reserves held against a portion of monetary base can increase confidence in domestic currency.

Increased money stock is expected in an import-dependent economy to translate to increased imports which would drain the reserves. An unstable demand for money may indicate greater probability of capital flight (outgo of forex). So adequacy of foreign reserve also depend on broad money (monetary aggregates).

Hence option D is correct.

18. If all the people of the economy increase the proportion of income they save, the total value of savings in the economy will either decrease or remain unchanged. This phenomenon is known as:

(a) Crowding out
(b) Crowding in
(c) Paradox of thrift
(d) Paradox of prosperity

Correct Answer: (c) Paradox of thrift

Solution:The paradox of thrift refers to a situation in which people tend to save more money, thereby leading to a fall in aggregate savings of the economy as a whole. In other words, when everyone increases their saving-income proportion, MPS, and then aggregate demand falls as consumption reduces.

This leads to a decrease in the level of employment and income and reduces total savings in the economy. The concept was suggested by Keynes to depict how increased savings at an individual level will gradually lead to a slowdown in the economy.

19. The banks are required to maintain a certain ratio between their cash in hand and total assets. This ratio is known as:

(a) Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
(b) Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
(c) Central Bank Reserve (CBR)
(d) Statutory Bank Ratio (SBR)

Correct Answer: (b) Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Solution:SLR stands for Statutory Liquidity Ratio, and refers to the minimum percentage of deposits that commercial banks are mandated to maintain as gold assets, cash, or government-approved securities, in their own vaults.

20. A simple harmonic motion of a particle is represented as, y = 10 cos ωt 10. The acceleration of the particle at time t = π/20 will be: (symbols here carry their usual meanings)

(a) 10 ω
(b) -10omega²
(c) 0
(d) 10/ω
(*)

Correct Answer: (*)

Solution:It is misprinted by UPSC. If we take the face values, the answer will come 1000 omega 2. Which is not in option.

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