CAPF (AC) 2024 (Paper-1) (Questions 1-50)

Total Questions: 50

21. Which one among the following biotechnologies is applied to manufacture pharmaceutical products such as insulin, antibiotics and vaccines?

(a) White Biotechnology
(b) Red Biotechnology
(c) Green Biotechnology
(d) Blue Biotechnology

Correct Answer: (a) White Biotechnology

Solution:White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, involves using living cells like microorganisms, or enzymes to produce biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels. It's widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry to manufacture products such as insulin, antibiotics, and vaccines through fermentation processes and recombinant DNA technology.

22. In which organism did Gregor J. Mendel conduct the experiment to explain principles of inheritance?

(a) Groundnut
(b) Garden Pea
(c) Four O'clock plant
(d) Fruit fly

Correct Answer: (b) Garden Pea

Solution:Gregor Mendel conducted his groundbreaking experiments on inheritance using Garden Peas (Pisum sativum). He chose peas for their distinct characteristics, ease of cultivation, and ability to self-pollinate. His work with peas led to the discovery of the fundamental principles of genetics, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits.

23. In which layer of the plant tissues Guard cells are present?

(a) Palisade mesophyll
(b) Spongy mesophyll
(c) Epidermis
(d) Xylem

Correct Answer: (c) Epidermis

Solution:Guard cells are specialized cells found in the epidermis of plant leaves. They control the opening and closing of stomata, regulating gas exchange and water loss through transpiration. The epidermis is the outermost layer of plant tissues, making it the ideal location for guard cells to perform their function.

24. Identify the correct option from the following about the proportion of different gases in Biogas?

(a) Methane > Carbon dioxide > Nitrogen
(b) Methane > Nitrogen > Carbon dioxide
(c) Methane > Oxygen > Carbon monoxide
(d) Nitrogen > Methane > Carbon dioxide

Correct Answer: (a) Methane > Carbon dioxide > Nitrogen

Solution:Biogas typically consists primarily of methane (50-75%), followed by carbon dioxide (25-50%), with small amounts of other gases including nitrogen. This composition can vary based on the source material and production conditions, but methane is always the primary component, followed by carbon dioxide.

Methane > Carbon dioxide > Nitrogen.

25. Which one of the following is the audible range of hearing for humans?

(a) 20 kHz-200 kHz
(b) 20 Hz-20 kHz
(c) 20 Hz-35 kHz
(d) 20 Hz - 40 kHz

Correct Answer: (b) 20 Hz-20 kHz

Solution:The human audible range of 20 Hz - 20 kHz represents the frequencies most people can hear. This range is determined by the physical properties of our auditory system, including the eardrum and cochlea. Lower frequencies (below 20 Hz) are often felt as vibrations rather than heard. Higher frequencies (above 20 kHz) can be heard by some animals like dogs and bats, but are inaudible to most humans.

26. In what form excess of glucose is stored in human body?

(a) Fructose
(b) Glycogen
(c) Glucose
(d) Starch

Correct Answer: (b) Glycogen

Solution:Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose in humans.

27. Biotechnological research is promoted through the development of "Biotechnology Parks". Which of the following is/are essential to bring technology to market?

1. Development of new product

2. Entrepreneurship

3. Technology incubation

Select the answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 3 only

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:

New product development is crucial for innovation, creating solutions to real-world problems.
Entrepreneurship provides the business acumen necessary to turn scientific discoveries into viable commercial products. It involves risk-taking, strategic planning, and market understanding.
Technology incubation offers vital support for emerging biotech ventures, providing resources, mentorship, and often funding.

All three elements work synergistically to overcome the challenges of commercializing complex biotechnological innovations.

28. Which one of the following is the correct chronology of invention/discovery in the field of Biotechnology?

(a) Discovery of Plasmid, Double Helical structure of DNA, DNA fingerprinting, cloning of Dolly.
(b) Double Helical structure of DNA, Discovery of Plasmid, DNA fingerprinting, cloning of Dolly.
(c) DNA fingerprinting, cloning of Dolly, Double Helical structure of DNA, Discovery of Plasmid.
(d) Double Helical structure of DNA, DNA fingerprinting, Discovery of Plasmid, cloning of Dolly.

Correct Answer: (a) Discovery of Plasmid, Double Helical structure of DNA, DNA fingerprinting, cloning of Dolly.

Solution:The word 'plasmid' was first coined by Joshua Lederberg in 1952. He used it to describe 'any extrachromosomal hereditary element'.

Double helical structure of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.

In 1984, Alec Jeffreys discovered the technique of genetic fingerprinting in a laboratory in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester.

In 1996 British developmental biologist Ian Wilmut generated a cloned sheep, named Dolly, by means of nuclear transfer involving an enucleated embryo and a differentiated cell nucleus.

29. In an ecosystem why is the number of trophic levels of a food chain usually limited?

(a) Lower trophic level has lesser energy than the higher trophic level.
(b) Because of the loss of energy at each trophic level.
(c) Higher trophic level individual can control the lower ones more efficiently.
(d) Limited trophic level makes a food chain less vulnerable to parasites.

Correct Answer: (b) Because of the loss of energy at each trophic level.

Solution:The 10 percent law states that energy decreases at each trophic level in a food chain, limiting the number of levels. Consequently, only 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next, impacting ecosystem dynamics and species interactions.

30. Which one of the following structure is NOT found in prokaryotes?

(a) Nuclear envelope
(b) Cell membrane
(c) Ribosome
(d) Cell wall

Correct Answer: (a) Nuclear envelope

Solution:Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear envelope; instead, their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane. In contrast, prokaryotes do possess a cell membrane, ribosomes, and typically a cell wall.

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