CELL AND HEREDITY (BOTANY)

1. Which of the following scientist discovered the first living free cell? [S.S.C. Online Stenographer 13.09.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(c) Purkinje
(d) Robert Brown

Correct Answer: (b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Solution:Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is called the Father of Microbiology. This is because he was the first to discover the free-living cell.

2. Who discovered cells in the human body? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Robert Hooke
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Albert Einstein

Correct Answer: (b) Robert Hooke

Solution:While Robert Hooke is famously known for coining the term "cell" in 1665 after observing the cell walls in cork, he did not discover cells within the human body. Later scientists, building upon Hooke's work and utilizing improved microscopy, identified cells as the fundamental units of human tissues.

3. Which of the following organisms does not fit into the Cell Theory? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 16.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Bacteria
(b) Virus
(c) Fungi
(d) Plants

Correct Answer: (b) Virus

Solution:Virus
Viruses are generally not considered to fit into the Cell Theory because they are not made up of cells and cannot carry out life processes independently; they require a host cell to replicate.

4. Which membrane-bound organelles, first discovered in 1857, are often referred to as the ‘energy factories’ of the cell because they are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 06.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

(a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Vacuoles
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Ribosomes

Correct Answer: (c) Mitochondria

Solution:Mitochondria
Mitochondria, first observed in 1857, are known as the ‘energy factories’ or ‘powerhouses of the cell’ because they are responsible for cellular respiration and the production of ATP.

5. Which of the following is also known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.08.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Glolse
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Golgi body
(d) cell wall

Correct Answer: (b) Mitochondria

6. 'Cytology' is the branch of biology which deals with the study of: [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 28.10.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Cells
(b) Brain
(c) Hair
(d) Blood

Correct Answer: (a) Cells

Solution: Cells
'Cytology' is the branch of biology that deals with the study of cells, including their structure, function, and life cycle.

7. The scientific study of a cell is called: [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 7.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Physiology
(b) Histology
(c) Cytology
(d) Taxonomy

Correct Answer: (c) Cytology

Solution:The branch of the scientific study of the cell is known as cytology. Under this, the structure of the cell, the structure of the protoplasm, nucleus, etc., and other substances present in the cell are studied.

8. ______ was the first person who discovered cells. [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 12.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Ernest Rutherford
(b) Robert Hooke
(c) Alexander Fleming
(d) Francis Crick

Correct Answer: (b) Robert Hooke

Solution:Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in 1665. Hooke observed the cell for the first time through a microscope at the dead cell nucleus of plant cells (corks).

9. What is a group of similar cells performing a particular function called? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 9.08.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) tissue
(b) organ
(c) organ system
(d) Cellular structure

Correct Answer: (a) tissue

Solution:A group of similar cells performing a specific function is called a tissue. The group of tissues together make up the organ, and the different organs together make up the organ system.

10. ______ is the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues and organs seen through a microscope. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.06.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Entomology
(b) Histology
(c) Ichthyology
(d) Paleontology

Correct Answer: (b) Histology

Solution: Histology
Histology is the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs seen through a microscope.