CELL AND HEREDITY (BOTANY)

Total Questions: 50

21. The nucleus of a cell is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 10.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Stomata
(b) Deltoid
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Cytoplasm

Correct Answer: (d) Cytoplasm

Solution:In an organism cell, the jelly-like substance filled with the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called cytoplasm.

22. The study of Cells is also known as _______. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 24.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Cytology
(b) Physiology
(c) Nucleology
(d) Cellology

Correct Answer: (a) Cytology

Solution:The cell is a basic structural and functional unit of the body. The scientific study of the physiological properties, structure, organelles, life cycle, division, etc., of cells, is called cytology.

23. Cytology is related to the study of: [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 13.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Cells
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungus
(d) Plants

Correct Answer: (a) Cells

Solution:Cytology is the branch of biology under which cell morphology, structure, life cycle, etc., are studied.

24. Name the scientist who proposed the cell theory? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 24.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Schleiden and Schwann
(b) Lamarck
(c) Treviranus
(d) Whittaker and Stanley

Correct Answer: (a) Schleiden and Schwann

Solution:The cell theory was proposed by scientists named Schleiden and Schwann in 1839. The cell is the structural and functional unit of the living body.

25. Which of the following is known as energy currency of the cell? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 19.08.2019 (Shift-I)]

(a) Adenosine Phosphate
(b) Glycine Triphosphate
(c) Adenosine Diphosphate
(d) Adenosine Triphosphate

Correct Answer: (d) Adenosine Triphosphate

Solution:Adenosine triphosphate (A.T.P.) is a complex organic substance found in all cells, providing energy for various cell functions. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer.

26. Which among the following differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is INCORRECT? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 6.03.2018 (Shift-II)]

(a) Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of Oxygen – Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of Oxygen
(b) In Aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Ethanol and Carbon dioxide – In Anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Carbon dioxide and water
(c) In Aerobic respiration, more energy is released – In Anaerobic respiration, less energy is released
(d) Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria – Anaerobic respiration takes place in yeast producing carbon dioxide and water

Correct Answer: (b) In Aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Ethanol and Carbon dioxide – In Anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Carbon dioxide and water

Solution:

In Aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Ethanol and Carbon dioxide –
In Anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into Carbon dioxide and water.
This statement is INCORRECT. In aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. In anaerobic respiration (in yeast), pyruvate is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide, or (in muscles) into lactic acid.

27. Which of the following organelles is present only in plant cells? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.I. (T-I) 7.07.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Lysosomes
(b) Plastid
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Mitochondria

Correct Answer: (b) Plastid

Solution:A plastid is a major double membrane organelle located only in the plant cell. They are lacking in animal cells. Consequently, they are colourless in some plants and coloured in others.

28. A Eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organ cells, including a nucleus, which allow the cellular processes to be carried out in _______. [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 18.02.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Inclusion
(b) Bifurcation
(c) Cassation
(d) Isolation

Correct Answer: (d) Isolation

Solution:

Isolation
A Eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, which allow the cellular processes to be carried out in isolation. This compartmentalization increases efficiency.

29. _______ is called the ‘Powerhouses’ of the cell. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 9.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Arteries
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Pituitary Glands
(d) Lungs

Correct Answer: (b) Mitochondria

Solution:Mitochondria or necroptosis is called the powerhouse of the cell. Most of the energy is generated in it during cellular respiration.

30. Which of the following is/are called the ‘powerhouse of the cell’?

S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 22.10.2021 (Shift-I) S.S.C. Online Constable GD 13.02.2019 (Shift-I) S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 16.08.2019 (Shift-III)

(a) White blood cells
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Red blood cells
(d) Plasma membrane