CELL AND HEREDITY (BOTANY)

41. Identify an option that does NOT represent prokaryotic cells. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 03.12.2022 (Shift-III)]

(a) Mycoplasma
(b) Blue-green alga
(c) Sperm
(d) Pleuropneumonia-like organism

Correct Answer: (c) Sperm

Solution:Sperm cells are eukaryotic cells. They have a nucleus inside a specialized region called an acrosome. Membrane-bound mitochondria are also present along with a centrosome and flagella.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for unicellular and multicellular organisms. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.

42. Which cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 24.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Permanent
(b) Dermal
(c) Meristematic
(d) Mature

Correct Answer: (c) Meristematic

Solution:Plant growth occurs through cell division in the tissues in their specialized parts. These tissues are called meristematic tissues. In these, the length increases from the apical and intercalary meristem, and their width increases from the lateral meristem.

43. _____ are a group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot formation. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Cytokinins
(b) Gibberellins
(c) Domins
(d) Auxins

Correct Answer: (a) Cytokinins

Solution:Cytokinins are a group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot formation. Apart from this, these chemicals break the seed dormancy and also induce flowering.

44. Cell identity and cell binding are the functions of which of the following saccharide polymers? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O. S.I. 11.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Oligo saccharides
(b) Die ruferrides
(c) Polysaccharides
(d) Quansaccharides

Correct Answer: (a) Oligo saccharides

Solution: Oligo saccharides
Oligosaccharides, particularly those found in glycolipids and glycoproteins on the cell surface, are involved in cell identity and cell binding.

45. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell? [C.P.O. S.L. 11.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Ribosomes
(b) cell membrane
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) DNA

Correct Answer: (c) Nuclear membrane

Solution:

Nuclear membrane
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus; their genetic material (DNA) is located in a nucleoid region within the cytoplasm and is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Ribosomes, cell membranes, and DNA are all found in prokaryotic cells.

46. Which of the following does not have a cell wall? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.08.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Euglena
(b) Paramecium
(c) Gonyaulax
(d) Mycoplasma

Correct Answer: (d) Mycoplasma

Solution:Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria with no cell wall around its cell membrane. Mycoplasma is a prokaryotic organism. They are composed of a single cell and are non-motile.

47. The sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins in the human body take place in the: [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 18.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Peroxisomes
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Golgi apparatus

Correct Answer: (d) Golgi apparatus

Solution:Golgi apparatus
The sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins in the human body take place in the Golgi apparatus.

48. In Golgi apparatus, the maturing face is: [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 01.12.2022 (Shift-I)]

(a) spherical
(b) convex
(c) bi-concave
(d) concave

Correct Answer: (b) convex

Solution:Golgi body has 2 distinct faces i.e., cis face or a convex forming and a trans face or a concave maturing. Cis face always faces toward the nucleus while the trans face faces towards the plasma membrane. It contains a tubular reticulum called the trans Golgi network.

49. In which part of the cell are proteins made? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Reticulum
(b) Golgi Apparatus
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Lysosomes

Correct Answer: (c) Ribosomes

Solution:George Palade first discovered ribosomes in animal cells in the year 1955. Ribosomes play an essential role in the synthesis of proteins.

50. Which function will not be performed properly in the absence of ribosomes in the cell? [S.S.C. Online Stenographer 13.09.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) emissions
(b) cell division
(c) protein synthesis
(d) photosynthesis

Correct Answer: (c) protein synthesis

Solution:Protein synthesis
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell. In the absence of ribosomes, this crucial function would not be performed properly.