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Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-I

📆 October 26, 2024

Total Questions: 50

41. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ? [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (d) Vitamin K - Sterility
Solution:Niacin deficiency causes pellagra, a disease characterized by the "4Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency leads to beri-beri, a disease affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets, a condition where bones become soft and deformed due to insufficient calcium and phosphorus absorption.

Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting by helping activate clotting factors. It does not directly cause sterility. Vitamin E is often referred to as the "anti-sterility" vitamin.

42. The vitamin available from sun rays is - [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (d) Vitamin D
Solution:

The source of vitamin D is sun rays. In fact, vitamin D is synthesized in our dermal cells by sun rays which is released in the blood. Besides of sun rays, vitamin D is also obtained from butter, the yolk of eggs, liver, and kidney, etc. Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults occur due to deficiency of vitamin D. Together with calcium, deficiency of vitamin D causes osteoporosis in older adults.

43. Which one of the following vitamins is formed in skin in the presence of sunlight? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) Vitamin D
Solution:

The source of vitamin D is sun rays. In fact, vitamin D is synthesized in our dermal cells by sun rays which is released in the blood. Besides of sun rays, vitamin D is also obtained from butter, the yolk of eggs, liver, and kidney, etc. Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults occur due to deficiency of vitamin D. Together with calcium, deficiency of vitamin D causes osteoporosis in older adults.

44. The Deficiency of Vitamin D causes the disease : [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Correct Answer: (e) Rickets & Osteoporosis
Solution:The source of vitamin D is sun rays. In fact, vitamin D is synthesized in our dermal cells by sun rays which is released in the blood. Besides of sun rays, vitamin D is also obtained from butter, the yolk of eggs, liver, and kidney, etc. Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults occur due to deficiency of vitamin D. Together with calcium, deficiency of vitamin D causes osteoporosis in older adults.

45. Which of the following is found in the composition of vitamin D? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

Correct Answer: (b) Calciferol
Solution:There are two major chemical forms of vitamin D, namely vitamin D₂ sometimes referred to as ergocalciferol and vitamin D₃ sometimes referred to as cholecalciferol. Vitamin C is known as ascorbic acid whereas vitamin A is known as retinol. Vitamin B₂ is the name of Vitamin B₂.

46. Which of the following vitamins is known as ergocalciferol? [60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Vitamin D₂ 
Solution:There are two major chemical forms of vitamin D, namely vitamin D₂ sometimes referred to as ergocalciferol and vitamin D₃ sometimes referred to as cholecalciferol. Vitamin C is known as ascorbic acid whereas vitamin A is known as retinol. Vitamin B₂ is the name of Vitamin B₂.

47. The common name of the chemical compound "Cholecalciferol" is [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (b) Vitamin D
Solution:There are two major chemical forms of vitamin D, namely vitamin D₂ sometimes referred to as ergocalciferol and vitamin D₃ sometimes referred to as cholecalciferol. Vitamin C is known as ascorbic acid whereas vitamin A is known as retinol. Vitamin B₂ is the name of Vitamin B₂.

48. Which of the following vitamin is considered as hormone? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (d) D
Solution:Vitamin D is considered as hormone. It is a fat-soluble vitamin which exists in various forms such as vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) and D₂ (ergocalciferol). Both D₂ and D₃ are not biologically active; they must be modified in the body to have any effect. The active form of vitamin D is known as 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)₂D] or calcitriol.

49. Deficiency of which vitamin can cause night blindness? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2003, M.P.P.C.S. (P1990re)]

Correct Answer: (c) A
Solution:Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinol, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light absorbing molecules necessary for both low light (scotopic vision) and colour vision. Vitamin A is a group of compounds that perform many vital functions like maintaining proper vision, improving bone growth and other cellular activities like reproduction, cell division, and cell differentiation.

The fat-soluble vitamin A is present only in the food of animal origin, and its provitamin carotenoids are found in plants. Vitamin A plays a vital role in the growth and development of human cells, controlling the immune system by preventing infections and activating white blood cells (WBCs) that destroy harmful pathogens.

This vitamin is also associated with the formation and protection of healthy surface lining areas of the respiratory tract, intestinal tracts and urinary tracts from bacteria and other foreign organisms by causing infections. Vitamin- A helps skin and mucous membranes to function as a barrier to bacteria and viruses. This compound is often referred to as the antixerophthalmic factor or the bright eyes vitamin because of its established role in the visual process.

50. In human body, vitamin A is stored in - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]

Correct Answer: (a) Liver
Solution:Vitamin A is largely stored in the liver in the human body. Its chemical name is retinol whose deficiency causes night blindness.
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