Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-II

Total Questions: 50

1. In human body, Vitamin A is stored in [60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Liver
Solution:

Vitamin A is largely stored in the liver in the human body. Its chemical name is retinol whose deficiency causes night blindness.

Vitamin A is a group of compounds that perform many vital functions like maintaining proper vision, improving bone growth and other cellular activities like reproduction, cell division, and cell differentiation.

The fat-soluble vitamin A is present only in the food of animal origin, and its provitamin carotenoids are found in plants.

Vitamin A plays a vital role in the growth and development of human cells, controlling the immune system by preventing infections and activating white blood cells (WBCs) that destroy harmful pathogens.

This vitamin is also associated with the formation and protection of healthy surface lining areas of the respiratory tract, intestinal tracts and urinary tracts from bacteria and other foreign organisms by causing infections.

Vitamin- A helps skin and mucous membranes to function as a barrier to bacteria and viruses. This compound is often referred to as the antixerophthalmic factor or the bright eyes vitamin because of its established role in the visual process.

2. Which one of the following contains more vitamin A content? [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (b) Carrot
Solution:Carrot is the richest source of vitamin A. Spinach is a major source of iron which contributes to the level of haemoglobin concentration, beneficial for oxygen transportation.

3. Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin A? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Mango
Solution:

Mango is a rich source of vitamin A among all the given fruits. It is also rich in vitamin C and E. Vitamin A is a group of compounds that perform many vital functions like maintaining proper vision, improving bone growth and other cellular activities like reproduction, cell division, and cell differentiation.

The fat-soluble vitamin A is present only in the food of animal origin, and its provitamin carotenoids are found in plants. Vitamin A plays a vital role in the growth and development of human cells, controlling the immune system by preventing infections and activating white blood cells (WBCs) that destroy harmful pathogens.

This vitamin is also associated with the formation and protection of healthy surface lining areas of the respiratory tract, intestinal tracts and urinary tracts from bacteria and other foreign organisms by causing infections.

Vitamin- A helps skin and mucous membranes to function as a barrier to bacteria and viruses. This compound is often referred to as the antixerophthalmic factor or the bright eyes vitamin because of its established role in the visual process.

4. Which one of the following is not formed in our body? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (a) Vitamin A 
Solution:

Vitamin A cannot be synthesized by the human body. Vitamin A is a group of compounds that perform many vital functions like maintaining proper vision, improving bone growth and other cellular activities like reproduction, cell division, and cell differentiation.

The fat-soluble vitamin A is present only in the food of animal origin, and its provitamin carotenoids are found in plants. Vitamin A plays a vital role in the growth and development of human cells, controlling the immune system by preventing infections and activating white blood cells (WBCs) that destroy harmful pathogens.

This vitamin is also associated with the formation and protection of healthy surface lining areas of the respiratory tract, intestinal tracts and urinary tracts from bacteria and other foreign organisms by causing infections.

Vitamin- A helps skin and mucous membranes to function as a barrier to bacteria and viruses. This compound is often referred to as the antixerophthalmic factor or the bright eyes vitamin because of its established role in the visual process.

5. Which of the following vitamins is essential for normal vision? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (d) Retinol
Solution:

Vitamin A is the name of a group of fat-soluble retinoids, including retinol, retinal, and retinyl esters. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.

Vitamin A is critical for vision as an essential component of rhodopsin, a protein that absorbs light in the retinal receptors, and because it supports the normal differentiation and functioning of the conjunctival membranes and cornea.

Vitamin A deficiency may lead to 'night blindness'. Vitamin A also supports cell growth and differentiation, playing a critical role in the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs.

6. Assertion (A): If somebody stops taking green vegetables he will suffer from night blindness. [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

Reason (R): He will suffer from vitamin A deficiency.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Solution:

Vitamin A in humans is primarily obtained by conversion of beta-carotene, a pigment found in fruits and vegetables. Green vegetables are a good source for beta-carotene. If somebody takes green vegetables regularly, he gains sufficient amount of vitamin A.

If he stops taking green vegetables, he could suffer from vitamin A deficiency, that may lead to the disease called 'night blindness'. However, vitamin A is found in many other foods also, so the person devoid of green vegetables does not necessarily suffer from night blindness.

7. Which of the following vitamins contain cobalt - [48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (d) Vitamin B₁
Solution:Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin. It contains a metallic ion cobalt. Its chemical formula is C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P. It functions as a cofactor for enzymes in the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, required for new cell synthesis, normal blood formation and neurological function. Its deficiency causes pernicious anaemia, nervous system abnormality etc.

8. Which one of the following metals is present in the vitamin B₁₂? [U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Cobalt
Solution:Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin. It contains a metallic ion cobalt. Its chemical formula is C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P. It functions as a cofactor for enzymes in the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, required for new cell synthesis, normal blood formation and neurological function. Its deficiency causes pernicious anaemia, nervous system abnormality etc.

9. Which of the following vitamins contains cobalt? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (b) Vitamin B₁₂
Solution:Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin. It contains a metallic ion cobalt. Its chemical formula is C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P. It functions as a cofactor for enzymes in the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, required for new cell synthesis, normal blood formation and neurological function. Its deficiency causes pernicious anaemia, nervous system abnormality etc.

10. Consider the statements : [U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

Assertion (A) : Vitamin B₁₂ remains stored in liver for about 3-5 years.
Reason (R) : Vitamin B₁₂ is water-soluble.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes :

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Solution:Vitamin B₁₂ is also known as cobalamin which is water-soluble and remains stored in the liver for about 3-5 years. Vitamin B₁₂ is a co-factor of DNA synthesis and is in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. It is particularly important for the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of myelin and in the maturation of developing RBC in the bone marrow. It contains cobalt (Co).