Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-II

Rickets is caused by deficiency of vitamin D and Beri-beri is caused by deficiency of vitamin B₁. Nyctalopia or night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A and scurvy is caused due to deficiency of vitamin C.

Color blindness is a sex-linked genetic disorder. It does not relate to vitamin D. The deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets and osteomalacia. The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness. Vitamin B₃ is also called niacin. Its deficiency causes pellagra. The deficiency of folic acid (vitamin B₉) causes anaemia.

Scurvy is a disease resulting from the deficiency of vitamin C. Rickets is a nutritional disorder that can develop due to deficiency of vitamin D while vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness. So, it is clear that only pairs 1 and 2 are correctly matched.

The riboflavin (Vitamin B₂) deficiency (also known as ariboflavinosis) causes skin disorders, hyperemia (excess blood) and edema of the mouth and throat, angular stomatitis (lesions at the corners of the mouth), cheilosis (swollen, cracked lips), hair loss, reproductive problems, sore throat, itchy and red eyes, and degeneration of the liver and nervous system. People with riboflavin deficiency typically have deficiencies of other nutrients, so some of these signs and symptoms might reflect these other deficiencies.

Beri-beri disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B₁ whose chemical name is Thiamin. Other options are correctly matched. Riboflavin is the chemical name of Vitamin B₂, which is responsible for stomatitis, cheilosis and malnutrition.

Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness, not rheumatism. Other pairs are correctly matched.

Retinol (vitamin A)       -Conjunctivitis

Tocopherol (vitamin E)    -Sterility

Cyanocobalamin(vitamin B12)-Pernicious anaemia

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6 )  -Mental illness

Deficiency of retinol i.e. vitamin A, leads to Xerophthalmia. Lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) causes pernicious anaemia and lack of vitamin D (Cholecalciferol 'D₃' and Ergocalciferol 'D₂') causes rickets in children. Beri-beri is caused by lack of vitamin 'B₁', i.e. thiamin not due to lack of tocopherol (vitamin 'E').

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) works as antisterility factor. Lack of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Pairs of other options are correctly matched.

Napthoquinone is the chemical name of vitamin K. It is known as anti-hemorrhagic factor. Its sources are green leaves, egg. liver & intestinal bacteria etc. Sterility is related with deficiency of vitamin E. Other pairs are correctly matched.