Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-II

Tyrosine is an amino acid which helps in the formation of neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) in the brain. Human feels laziness and woeful due to lack of tyrosine. Tyrosine helps in enhancement of physical vigilance and energy. But it cannot protect against free radicals responsible for aging.

Gluten is the protein composite, found in wheat. Gluten gives elasticity to dough, helping its growth and keep its shape and often gives the final product a chewy texture.

The total energy requirement for a man during very hard work under different conditions is about 3500-4000 kilo calories.

Water does not contain fat, carbohydrates or proteins. Therefore, it does not contain any calories.

Carbohydrate is an essential constituent of diet. Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a ratio of two hydrogens for every oxygen atom.

The major food fuel during exercise of high intensity and long duration is carbohydrate.

Nitrogen is an essential constituent of DNA, RNA (and all amino acids/proteins) and chlorophyll, while it is not an essential component of carbohydrates. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting essentially of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 and thus with empirical formula Cₘ(H₂O)ₙ. Although all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, there are some that also contain nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.

Phosphorus (in the form of phosphate) is the element that maintains a balance between acidity and alkalinity in our body.

Unlike some macronutrients, including fats and starches, amino acids are not stored in human body and must be replenished daily through dietary intake. Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

The fruit karonda is a rich source of iron, so it is sometimes used in the treatment of anaemia. It contains a fair amount of vitamin C which helps in healing wounded therefore is an antiscorbutic.