Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-II

Total Questions: 50

41. Which one of the following statements is not correct regarding the amino acids, tyrosine, present in protein rich food? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) It can help increase energy levels.
(b) It can help with emotional & environmental stress.
(c) It can combat depression.
(d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging.

Correct Answer: (d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging.

Solution:Tyrosine is an amino acid which helps in the formation of neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) in the brain. Human feels laziness and woeful due to lack of tyrosine. Tyrosine helps in enhancement of physical vigilance and energy. But it cannot protect against free radicals responsible for aging.

42. The substance responsible for bread-making quality in wheat is — [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Gluten
(b) Globulin
(c) Glycin
(d) Lycine

Correct Answer: (a) Gluten

Solution:Gluten is the protein composite, found in wheat. Gluten gives elasticity to dough, helping its growth and keep its shape and often gives the final product a chewy texture. Gluten is a key ingredient in dough, providing it with elasticity and structure. This elasticity allows the dough to trap gases produced during fermentation, causing it to rise. Gluten is not a single protein, but rather a complex of proteins, primarily gliadin and glutenin, which are formed when flour is mixed with water.

43. Daily energy required by a hard worker man is — [R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]

(a) 3000 kilo calorie
(b) 2700 kilo calorie
(c) 4000 kilo calorie
(d) 6000 kilo calorie

Correct Answer: (c) 4000 kilo calorie

Solution:The total energy requirement for a man during very hard work under different conditions is about 3500-4000 kilo calories. This higher requirement is due to the increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure needed to sustain physical exertion. When a person performs heavy labor or intense physical activity, their body burns more calories to fuel the muscles and other systems involved. The exact amount of energy needed can vary based on factors like age, weight, muscle mass, and the specific nature of the work.

44. How many calories are gained by drinking a glass of water? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]

(a) Zero
(b) 15
(c) 25
(d) 50

Correct Answer: (a) Zero

Solution:Water does not contain fat, carbohydrates or proteins. Therefore, it does not contain any calories. Calories are a unit of measurement for the energy content of food. The three main macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are the primary sources of calories in the food we eat. Water (H₂O) is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and does not contain any of the macronutrients. While water doesn't provide calories, it's essential for various bodily functions, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and facilitating metabolic processes.

45. An essential constituent of diet is - [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Starch
(b) Glucose
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) Cellulose

Correct Answer: (c) Carbohydrate

Solution:Carbohydrate is an essential constituent of diet. Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a ratio of two hydrogens for every oxygen atom. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is readily used by the body for energy, particularly during high-intensity or prolonged exercise. The body stores carbohydrates as glycogen in muscles and the liver. Glycogen is readily available for energy during exercise. Compared to fats, carbohydrates are more efficiently metabolized to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the body.

Carbohydrates can be used in both aerobic and anaerobic energy production systems. During intense exercise, carbohydrates are the primary fuel source because they can provide energy quickly. Adequate carbohydrate intake is crucial for maintaining energy levels and performance during prolonged or intense exercise.

46. The major food fuel during exercise of long duration is - [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) Fat
(b) Protein
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (c) Carbohydrate

Solution:The major food fuel during exercise of high intensity and long duration is carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is readily used by the body for energy, particularly during high-intensity or prolonged exercise. The body stores carbohydrates as glycogen in muscles and the liver. Glycogen is readily available for energy during exercise. Compared to fats, carbohydrates are more efficiently metabolized to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the body.

47. Nitrogen is NOT an essential constituent of : [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Chlorophyll
(b) RNA
(c) DNA
(d) Carbohydrate

Correct Answer: (d) Carbohydrate

Solution:Nitrogen is an essential constituent of DNA, RNA (and all amino acids/proteins) and chlorophyll, while it is not an essential component of carbohydrates. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting essentially of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 and thus with empirical formula Cₘ(H₂O)ₙ. Although all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, there are some that also contain nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.

48. The element that maintains balance between acidity and alkalinity in our body is [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

(a) Phosphorus
(b) Sodium
(c) Potassium
(d) Calcium

Correct Answer: (a) Phosphorus

Solution:Phosphorus (in the form of phosphate) is the element that maintains a balance between acidity and alkalinity in our body. Phosphate acts as a buffer in the blood and other body fluids, meaning it can absorb excess acid or base to help maintain a stable pH. The body relies on maintaining a narrow pH range (around 7.4) for optimal function. Phosphate helps regulate this balance by acting as a "sponge" for acids and bases.

Phosphate also plays a role in the kidneys, where it helps regulate the excretion of excess acid in the urine. Besides pH balance, phosphorus and phosphate are also essential for various other bodily functions, including bone health, energy production (ATP), and DNA/RNA structure.

49. Which one of the following compounds is not stored in human body - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]

(a) Glycogen
(b) Amino acids
(c) Fat
(d) Tocopherol

Correct Answer: (b) Amino acids

Solution:Unlike some macronutrients, including fats and starches, amino acids are not stored in human body and must be replenished daily through dietary intake. Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

50. Among the following which fruit is a rich source of iron? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Jambo
(b) Karonda
(c) Loquat
(d) Guava

Correct Answer: (b) Karonda

Solution:The fruit karonda is a rich source of iron, so it is sometimes used in the treatment of anaemia. It contains a fair amount of vitamin C which helps in healing wounded therefore is an antiscorbutic.

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