Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-IV

We need protein for our muscles, bones and the rest of our body. Exactly how much protein we need with respect to our age are given below:

• Babies need about 10 grams per day.
• School-age kids need about 19-34 grams per day.
• Teenage boys need up to 52 grams per day.
• Teenage girls need about 46 grams per day.
• Adult men need about 56 grams per day.
• Adult women or moderately active women need about 46 grams per day (65-70 grams, if pregnant or breast-feeding).

We need protein for our muscles, bones and the rest of our body. Exactly how much protein we need with respect to our age are given below:

• Babies need about 10 grams per day.
• School-age kids need about 19-34 grams per day.
• Teenage boys need up to 52 grams per day.
• Teenage girls need about 46 grams per day.
• Adult men need about 56 grams per day.
• Adult women or moderately active women need about 46 grams per day (65-70 grams, if pregnant or breast-feeding).

Milk generally contains all the vitamins of the B vitamin group such as B₁, B₂ and B₆, B₁₂. Thus statement (a) is not correct.

Mother milk provides almost complete diet to the new-born but it lacks iron nutrient. During the first few days after delivery, the mother produces colostrum. It is rich in protein and antibodies that provide passive immunity to the baby. Colostrum also helps the newborn's digestive system to grow and function properly. Mother's milk contains about 4.2% fat, 1.1% protein, 7.5% carbohydrates and 0.2% minerals. For better health of the new-born, the mother's milk contains zinc, calcium, vitamin A, B₆, B₁₂, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, etc. in adequate quantity.

Health professionals consider mother's milk to be ideal nourishment for her baby. Human milk contains immunological protection against diseases. This happens because babies receive antibodies passed onto them from their mother's milk. Breast milk contains more nutrients (vitamin and proteins) such as taurine, an amino acid, DHA, a fatty acid. Abnormal growth in height is not a characteristic shown by a breastfed baby.

Milk contains about 87% water. It has proteins, vitamin A, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin B₂, Riboflavin, carbohydrates, calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) etc. Thus, milk is an ideal diet containing almost all nutritious elements. Milk contains only a trace amount of iron.

Milk is considered a complete food because it provides protein, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, B₂, B₆, B₁₂, carbohydrate, calcium and potassium etc. Milk contains very small amounts of vitamin C. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

Starch is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting a large number of glucose units joined by glycoside bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store.

Starch and cellulose are two very similar polymers. In fact, they both are made from the same monomer, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and have the same glucose-based repeat units. Starch gives blue-black colour in an iodine solution, whereas cellulose gives no colour in this solution. Starch is an important component of stored food of plants, whereas cellulose is found in the cell wall of plants.

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems. Imbalanced nutrition includes both undernutrition and overnutrition. Thus, option (d) is the right answer.