Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-IV

Among the given groups of diet, group of Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein provides maximum energy to human body.

Generally, water, an inorganic substance is most abundant in living beings. But in organic compounds of the body (living materials) protein is most abundant because they are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source.

Unsaturated fats include the two heart healthy choices- polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. Found primarily in fish, plant oils, seeds and nuts, these 'healthy' fats have been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels and lesser risk of cardiovascular disease. Even though these fats are better than saturated and trans fats, they still have fats and intake should be moderate to maintain the good health.

The sunflower (Helianthus) is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (capitulum). Sunflower oil, extracted from its seeds, is used for cooking. Sunflower oil is rated as a good quality edible oil because it contains high quantities of unsaturated fatty acids which reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sunflower oil is primarily composed of linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fat and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat. It is also a rich source of vitamin E.

Sunflower oil is known best for the heart patients. Sunflower oil is produced from oil type sunflower seeds. The oil is light in taste and appearance and provides more vitamin E than any other vegetable oil. It contains monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats with low saturated fat levels. The U.S. Surgeon General reported "Eating less (saturated) fat is the most important change you can make to decrease your risk of heart disease."

Assertion (A) is true but (R) is not correct. A compound having a double bond in their structure are more unstable in comparison to single bond compounds. Unsaturated fats, having double bonds in their structures are more reactive than saturated fats.

Consumption of fish is considered to be healthy as compared to the flesh of any other animal because it contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce cholesterol level in our blood and also lower the risk of heart disease and stroke.

HDL cholesterol is the well-behaved ‘good cholesterol’. This friendly scavenger cruises the blood stream. As it does, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn’t belong. High HDL levels reduce the risk for heart disease - but low levels increase the risk. Trans fat is generally considered to be bad for human health because it lowers the level of HDL cholesterol.

Eating trans fat raises the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol and lowers the level of HDL or good cholesterol, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The animal fats/oil and hydrogenated oils are the forms of trans fat. Thus, all three statements are correct.

Cholesterol belongs to the steroid family of lipid (fat) compounds. It is a sterol (or modified steroid) - an unsaturated alcohol of the steroid family of compounds. It is a fatty alcohol found in animal fat. It is essential for the normal function of all animal cells and is a fundamental element of their cell membranes. It is also a precursor of various critical substances such as adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones and bile acids. High cholesterol level in the human body can cause a dangerous accumulation of cholesterol and other deposits on the walls of arteries (atherosclerosis, in which arteries becomes narrow and blocked). These deposits (plaques) can reduce blood flow through arteries, which can cause angina, heart attack or stroke.