Chemistry (Part-IV) (Railway)

• It is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively bad conductor of electricity.

Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged 'soup'.

• Carbon is the primary component of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

• Valence electrons participate in the formation of a chemical bond.
• The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's chemical properties.

• He discovered that, when the plates were covered with black paper, that phosphorescent materials did not affect the plates until he used uranium salts.

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes via simple diffusion, a process that requires no energy input and is driven by differences in concentration on either side of the cell membrane.

• It is also known as spirits of salt or acidumsalis.
• "Muriatic" means "pertaining to brine or salt".
• The chemical formula for muriatic acid is HCl.

• This is the reason why the gallium arsenide has not been used in the production of a solar cell.

•  In order to absorb the blue color of light in the greatest quantity, the maximum intensity of photosynthesis occurs in red light.

• Their examples include Boron, Silicon, Germanium and Antimony.
• Elements which are neither metals nor non-metals are called Noble Gases.