Circulatory System (Human Anatomy and Physiology) Part-I

Total Questions: 40

11. The first human heart transplant was performed in— [56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (c) South Africa
Solution:The first heart transplant was performed by Dr. Christian Bernard who was a famous surgeon of South Africa. Barnard performed the first transplant on Louis Washkansky on December 3, 1967 at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.

12. What is Jarvik-7? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]

Correct Answer: (c) Artificial heart
Solution:Robert Jarvik is widely known as the inventor of the first successful permanent artificial heart, the Jarvik-7. In 1982, the first implantation of the Jarvik-7 in patient Barney Clark caught the attention of media around the world.

13. What is the function of a pacemaker? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (b) It regulates heart beat
Solution:

A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses to promote the heart to beat at a normal rate.

A pacemaker uses low-energy electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. It can also monitor breathing, blood temperature, and other factors to adjust the heart rate accordingly.

Pacemakers are usually implanted in the chest, often under the skin near the collarbone. There are different types of pacemakers, including single-chamber, dual-chamber, and biventricular pacemakers, each designed to address specific heart rhythm problems.

14. The ‘Pace Maker’ is also known as— [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

Correct Answer: (a) S.A. Nodes
Solution:

The sino-atrial node often abbreviated SA-node is the pacemaker of the heart and is responsible for the initiation of the heart beat. The sino-atrial node is located in the right atrium (right upper chamber) of the heart.

A pacemaker uses low-energy electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. It can also monitor breathing, blood temperature, and other factors to adjust the heart rate accordingly.

Pacemakers are usually implanted in the chest, often under the skin near the collarbone. There are different types of pacemakers, including single-chamber, dual-chamber, and biventricular pacemakers, each designed to address specific heart rhythm problems.

15. The total volume of blood in a normal adult human being is— [56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) 5-6 litres
Solution:

Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. The total volume of blood in a 70 kg normal adult human being is 5-6 litres.

Blood is one of the most important components of life. Almost any animal that possesses a circulatory system has blood. From an evolutionary perspective, blood was speculated to have risen from a type of cell that was responsible for phagocytosis and nutrition.

Billions of years later, blood and the circulatory system have drastically helped the evolution of more complex lifeforms. There are many cellular structures in the composition of blood.

When a sample of blood is spun in a centrifuge machine, they separate into the following constituents: Plasma, buffy coat, and erythrocytes.

16. The total amount of blood present in a normal human (70 kg) adult is about [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (a) 6000 ml
Solution:

Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. The total volume of blood in a 70 kg normal adult human being is 5-6 litres. Blood is one of the most important components of life.

Almost any animal that possesses a circulatory system has blood. From an evolutionary perspective, blood was speculated to have risen from a type of cell that was responsible for phagocytosis and nutrition.

Billions of years later, blood and the circulatory system have drastically helped the evolution of more complex lifeforms. There are many cellular structures in the composition of blood.

When a sample of blood is spun in a centrifuge machine, they separate into the following constituents: Plasma, buffy coat, and erythrocytes.

17. Blood is— [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Connective tissue
Solution:Blood is a connective tissue that has a fluid matrix, called plasma, and no fibres. It flows inside the blood vessels and is viscous thick fluid. The function of blood is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Actually blood carries away oxygen from lungs towards the body tissues and carries carbon dioxide from there, to take towards lungs.

18. Which among the following help in circulation of blood? [66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020]

Correct Answer: (c) Erythrocytes
Solution:Erythrocytes (RBCs : Red blood cells) help in circulation of blood. RBCs contain haemoglobin, a protein that gives blood its red colour and enables it to carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to all body tissues. Oxygen is used by cells to produce energy that the body needs, leaving carbon dioxide as a waste product. RBCs also carry carbon dioxide away from the tissues and back to the lungs.

19. What is haemoglobin? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]

Correct Answer: (c) Substance found in human blood
Solution:

Haemoglobin binds to oxygen molecules in the lungs, and then releases the oxygen into the body's tissues as needed for cellular respiration.

Haemoglobin also carries a portion of the carbon dioxide produced by tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. Haemoglobin is a key component of red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Haemoglobin contains iron-containing heme groups that bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Haemoglobin is a complex protein with four globin subunits, each carrying a heme group, says the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

20. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about haemoglobin? [U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (c) It is slightly acidic
Solution:Haemoglobin is the red coloured, iron-containing complex protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns carbon dioxide away from the tissues to the lungs.

A healthy individual has 12-16 gms of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood. The pH value of haemoglobin solution is between 7.1 to 7.4 and hence, it is slightly alkaline, not acidic.