Constitutional Development of India (Part-I)

The Indian Councils Act, 1892 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The main provisions of this act were as under:
(i) The Indian Councils Act, 1892 gave the members the right to ask questions on Budget or matters of public interest. But none of them was given the right to ask supplementary questions.
(ii) The Additional members of the Council could ask questions of public interest under this Act, after pre-information of six days.

The principle of representation and indirect way of the election was first incorporated in the Indian Council Act of 1892.

In 1835, the Press Act was announced for the censorship of media. The Press and Registration of Books act was passed in 1867. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 by Lord Lytton to control the printing and circulation of seditious material, specifically that which could produce disaffection against the British Government in India in the minds of the masses. In addition to this, in 1908, Lord Minto passed an act to regulate the press. In this Act, the Government was authorized to seize any publication if found anti-Government.

Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta High Courts were established in 1862 under the Indian High Court Act, 1861. On this basis, the nearest answer is option (a).

The most short-lived of all of Britain's constitutional experiments in India was Indian Councils Act of 1909. In words of Ramsay MacDonald "this reform was an incomplete and short-termed agreement between democracy and bureaucracy."

Minto-Morley/ Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 provided for communal representation in British India. Indian Council Act, 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reform. Lord Minto is known as the Father of Communal Electorate in India.

Indian Council Act, 1909 introduced separate electorate for Muslims in the country. The act also called Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909, introduced communal representation in the country.

On 20-August, 1917 the reform made by Edwin Montagu (Secretary of State for India) and Lord Chelmsford is known as "Montagu Declaration."

Sir Lionel Curtis is known as the father of Dyarchy. Dyarchy was a system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India.

The basis of Indian Council Act, 1919 was the report of Secretary of State for India Edwin Montagu and Viceroy Lord Chelmsford.