Data Interpretation (UPSC)

Total Questions: 57

41. The proportion of expenditure on various items by two families A and B are represented in the following Bar Charts: [2015-1]

From these charts, we can conclude that :

(a) Family A spent more money on food than Family B.
(b) Family B spent more money on food than Family A.
(c) Family A and Family B spent the same amount on food.
(d) The expenditure on food by Family A and Family B cannot be compared.

Correct Answer: (c) Family A and Family B spent the same amount on food.

Solution:A spent on food = 20,000*50/100 = ₹10000

B spent on food = 1,00,000*10/100 = ₹10000

So, Both A and B spent same amount on the food.

42. Consider the following graph: [2018-1]

Which one of the following statements is not correct with reference to the graph given above?

(a) On 1 June, the actual progress of work was less than expected.
(b) The actual rate of progress of work was the greatest during the month of August.
(c) The work was actually completed before the expected time.
(d) During the period from 1st April to 1st September, at no time was the actual progress more than the expected progress.

Correct Answer: (d) During the period from 1st April to 1st September, at no time was the actual progress more than the expected progress.

Solution:According to the given graph, during mid of the August, actual progress was more than expected progress.

43. Looking at the graph, it can be inferred that from 1990 to 2010 : [2018-1]

Consider the following graph in which the birth rate and death rate of a country are given, and answer the two items that follow:

(a) population growth rate has increased.
(b) population growth rate has decreased.
(c) growth rate of population has remained stable.
(d) population growth rate shows no trend.

Correct Answer: (d) population growth rate shows no trend.

Solution:According to the graph, population growth rate shows no trend.

44. With reference to the above graph, consider the following statements considering 1970 as base year: [2018-1]

Consider the following graph in which the birth rate and death rate of a country are given, and answer the two items that follow:1. Population has stabilized after 35 years.

2. Population growth rate has stabilized after 35 years.

3. Death rate has fallen by 10% in the first 10 years.

4. Birth rate has stabilized after 35 years.

Which of the above are the most logical and rational statements that can be made from the above graph?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 2 and 4

Solution:After 2005 birth rate and population growth has no change.

45. Average hourly earnings per year (E) of the workers in a firm are represented in figures A and B as follows: [2018-1]

From the figures, it is observed that the :

(a) values of E are different.
(b) ranges (i.e., the difference between the maximum and the minimum) of E are different.
(c) slopes of the graphs are same.
(d) rates of increase of E are different.

Correct Answer: (c) slopes of the graphs are same.

Solution:From the two given graphs, we got that slopes of two graphs are same.

46. Consider the following figures A and B: [2018-1]

The manufacturing cost and projected sales for a product are shown in the above figures A and B respectively. What is the minimum number of pieces that should be manufactured to avoid a loss?

(a) 2000
(b) 2500
(c) 3000
(d) 3500

Correct Answer: (a) 2000

Solution:Manufacturing cost of 1000 pieces = 600000

Cost of 1 piece when 1000 pieces manufactured = 60000/1000 = 600

Selling price of 1 piece when 1000 pieces manufactured = 400

Manufacturing cost of 2000 pieces = 700000

Cost of 1 piece when 2000 pieces manufactured = 700000/2000 = 350

Selling price of 1 piece when 2000 pieces manufactured = 350

Hence, required number of pieces = 2000

47. Consider the following graphs. The curves in the graphs indicate different age groups in the populations of two countries A and B over a period of few decades: [2018-1]

With reference to the above graphs, which of the following are the most logical and rational inferences that can be made?

1. Over the last two and a half decades, the dependency ratio for country B has decreased.

2. By the end of next two and a half decades, the dependency ratio of country A will be much less than that of country B.

3. In the next two decades, the work-force relative to its total population will increase in country B compared to country A.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:Dependency Ratio = (Sum of the number of people aged less than 15 years and more than 64 years)/(Number of people aged from 15 to 64 years) * 100

1. In country B, over the last two and a half decades (2025 to 2050), the sum of the number of people aged less than 15 years and more than 64 years is slightly increased but number of people aged from 15 to 64 years increased tremendously.

Therefore dependency radio of country B has decreased over the last two and half decades.

2. By the end of next two and a half decades (i.e. 2075), sum of the number of people aged less than 15 years and more than 64 years of country A is more than that of country B where as number of people of aged from 15 to 64 years of country A is less than that of country B.

Hence by the end of next two and a half decades, the dependency ratio of country A will be more than that of country B.

3. In the next two decades (i.e. 2050-2070), graph of work-force (i.e. population of aged from 15 years to 64 years) of country A is going lower and that of country b is going higher. Therefore, in the next two decades, the work-force relative to its total population will increase in country B as compared to country A.

48. The graph given below indicates the changes in key policy rates made by the Central Bank several times in a year: [2018-1]

Which one of the following can be the most likely reason for the Central Bank for such an action?

(a) Encouraging foreign investment
(b) Increasing the liquidity
(c) Encouraging both public and private savings
(d) Anti-inflationary stance

Correct Answer: (d) Anti-inflationary stance

Solution:Repo rate and reverse repo rate is directly related to Anti-inflationary stance.

49. With reference to the above table, which of the following is/are the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made? [2018-1]

States	Per capita income (S)	GDP growth rate (%)	Tele-density
State 1	704	9.52	70.27
State 2	419	5.31	35.88
State 3	254	10.83	50.07
State 4	545	9.78	5.94
State 5	891	10.8	76.12
State 6	1077	11.69	77.5
State 7	900	8.88	104.86
State 8	395	5.92	6
State 9	720	7.76	82.25
State 10	893	9.55	96.7
State 11	363	4.7	57.7
State 12	966	7.85	63.8
State 13	495	9.37	52.3
State 14	864	5.46	97.9
State 15	497	7.48	62.3
State 16	777	7.03	93.8
State 17	335	5.8	49.9
State 18	599	7.49	47.84

The following table gives the GDP growth rate and Tele-density data of different States of a country in a particular year. Study the table and answer the two items that follow:

1. Higher per capita income is generally associated with higher Tele-density.

2. Higher GDP growth rate always ensures higher per capita income.

3. Higher GDP growth rate does not necessarily ensure higher Tele-density.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3

Solution:The most logical and rational inference is Higher per capita income is associated with higher Tele-density and high GDP does not ensure higher Tele-density.

50. With reference to the above table, the following assumptions have been made: [2018-1]

States	Per capita income (S)	GDP growth rate (%)	Tele-density
State 1	704	9.52	70.27
State 2	419	5.31	35.88
State 3	254	10.83	50.07
State 4	545	9.78	5.94
State 5	891	10.8	76.12
State 6	1077	11.69	77.5
State 7	900	8.88	104.86
State 8	395	5.92	6
State 9	720	7.76	82.25
State 10	893	9.55	96.7
State 11	363	4.7	57.7
State 12	966	7.85	63.8
State 13	495	9.37	52.3
State 14	864	5.46	97.9
State 15	497	7.48	62.3
State 16	777	7.03	93.8
State 17	335	5.8	49.9
State 18	599	7.49	47.84

The following table gives the GDP growth rate and Tele-density data of different States of a country in a particular year. Study the table and answer the two items that follow:

1. Now a days, prosperity of an already high performing State cannot be sustained without making further large investments in its telecom infrastructure.

2. Nowadays, a very high Tele-density is the most essential condition for promoting the business and economic growth in a State.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:There are many points related to GDP of state and tele-density is similar to others according to table.

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