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Defence Technology Part-2

📆 October 18, 2024

Total Questions: 49

31. What is 'Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)', sometimes seen in the news? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (c) An American anti-missile system
Solution:

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) is an American anti-ballistic missile defence system designed to shoot down short, medium and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase by intercepting it with a hit-to-kill approach. The THAAD interceptor carriers no warhead, but relies on its kinetic energy of an impact to destroy the incoming missile. A kinetic energy hit minimizes the risk of exploding conventional warhead ballistic missiles and the warhead of nuclear-tipped ballistic missile will not detonate upon a kinetic energy hit.

32. Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the 'Fractional Orbital Bombardment System' often talked about in media? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.
Solution:

The idea behind Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) is, a warhead delivery system (missile) is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and it deorbits over a target on the Earth. A FOBS is a warhead delivery system that uses a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) towards its target destination. Just before reaching the destination, it begins through a retrograde path to deorbit and attack the target. The Soviet Union developed FOBS as a nuclear weapons delivery system in the 1960s. It was one of the first Soviet efforts to use space to deliver nuclear weapons. In August 2021, China tested a weapon that combined a FOBS with a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV).

33. Treaties of 'START-I' and 'START-II' were signed : [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Between USA and USSR
Solution:

Treaties of 'START-I and START-II' were signed between USA and USSR.

34. 'The New START Treaty' was in the news. What is in this treaty? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (a) It is a bilateral strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty between the USA and the Russian Federation.
Solution:The 'New START' is the treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on measures for the further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms. It was signed on 8 April, 2010 in Prague by Former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and then American President Barack Obama. Under the terms of the treaty, the number of strategic missile launchers will be reduced by half and it limits the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads to 1550. It came into force on 5 February, 2011. It is expected to last until 5 February, 2026, having been extended in 2021.

35. Which of the following countries has recently joined the Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC), a global initiative to prevent ballistic missile proliferation? [60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) India
Solution:On 1 June 2016, India joined the Hague code of conduct (HCoC) against ballistic missile proliferation by notifying the central contact of Hague Code of Conduct, Vienna (Austria). At present, the number of countries in the Hague Code of Conduct has reached 143.

36. Recently, USA decided to support India’s membership in multilateral export control regimes called the ‘Australia Group’ and the ‘Wassenaar Arrangement’. What is the difference between them? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

  1. The ‘Australia Group’ is an informal arrangement which aims to allow exporting countries to minimize the risk of assisting chemical and biological weapons proliferation, whereas the ‘Wassenaar Arrangement’ is a formal group under the OECD holding identical objectives.
  2. The ‘Australia Group’ comprises predominantly of Asian, African and North American countries whereas the member countries of ‘Wassenaar Arrangement’ are predominantly from the European Union and American continent.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:The Australia Group is an informal group of countries established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons in Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to identify exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons. Now it has 43 members including all 27 members of the European Union, UK and the European Commission. The Wassenaar Arrangement has been established in order to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in the transfer of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technology.
The Wassenaar Arrangement is presently composed of 42 countries. It consists mainly of European Union countries (and UK) and countries of American Continent (Japan, South Korea, and India are Asian countries in it while South Africa is the only country from African continent). Now after this explanation it is clear that the second part of statement 1 and the first part of the statement (2) is incorrect. Thus the correct answer is option (d).

37. With reference to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which of the following statements is/are correct? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

I. It has 42 member nations.
II. Its Headquarters is located at Brussels.
Select the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Only II
Solution:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member States — 30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April, 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member States agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. NATO formed with twelve founding members and has added new members ten times, most recently when Sweden joined the alliance on 7 March, 2024. In addition, NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. NATO's main headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium, while NATO's military headquarters are near Mons, Belgium. Hence, only statement II is correct.

38. 'Operation Pawan' is connected with— [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]

Correct Answer: (d) Operation of IPKF in Jaffna of Sri Lanka.
Solution:

Operation Pawan was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers, in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka accord. In brutal fighting lasting about three weeks, the IPKF took control of the Jaffna Peninsula from the LTTE at the cost of the life of 214 Indian soldiers.

39. What was the theme of DefExpo-2022, held in Gujarat? [69th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (b) Path to Pride
Solution:

DefExpo is India's flagship biennial event showcasing Land, Naval and Homeland Security System. The first edition of DefExpo was held in 1999. The 12th edition of DefExpo-2022 was organized from 18 to 22 October, 2022 at Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The exhibition has showcased India's emergence in the shape of alliances and joint ventures for the defence industry. The theme of DefExpo-2022 was 'Path to Pride' and the aim was to showcase the might of the domestic defence industry which is now powering 'Make in India, Make for the World' resolve of the Government and the nation at large.

40. Consider the following in respect of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]

  1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy.
  2. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) 2 only
Solution:

The IONS (Indian Ocean Naval Symposium) is a regional forum of Indian Ocean littoral states launched by Indian Navy in February, 2008. It is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of littoral states of Indian Ocean Region (IOR) by providing an open and inclusive forum for discussion of regionally relevant maritime issues. The first Indian Ocean Naval symposium was held between 14 to 16 February, 2008 at New Delhi.

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