Delhi Sultanate: Literature

Amir Khusrau is considered as the father of the new Persian poetry style "Sabak-e-Hindi" or Hindustani style. He called himself Tuti-e-Hind; He used to say that "Na Lafze Hindiwast aj Farsi Kam" which means the words of Hindi are not less than those of the Persian.

Amir Khusrau is known as the father of Hindi Khari Boli. He was a promoter of new poetic style 'Sabak-e-Hindi' or 'Hindustani Style.'

Khusrau was a scholar of both the Hindi (Hindavi) and the Persian languages.

Amir Khusrau was a prolific classical poet associated with the Royal courts of more than seven rulers of Delhi Sultanate. He was the first Persian poet to depict Indian environment in his poetry.

Sultan of Bijapur Ibrahim Adil Shah-II wrote the song collection 'Kitab-i-Nauras'. He established the city called Nauraspur and made it his capital. Amir Khusrau was the originator of the early form of musical style in India known as 'Qawwali'.

The text "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri' written by Minhaz-us-Siraj. was dedicated to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud. The text is divided into 23 volumes and was translated by H.G. Raverty in the English language. The text describes the victory of Muhammad Ghori over India.

Fatawa-i-Jahandari was written by Ziyauddin Baruni. Prithviraja-Raso is written by Chandarbardai, Kitab-ul-hind is written by Al-Biruni & Tabaqat-i-Nasiri by Minhaz-us-siraj. Hence correct option is option (d).

Tabaqat-i-Nasiri is a medieval text by Minhaj-us-Siraj. It is an important sourcebook for the reconstruction of the history of the foundation of Muslim rule in Bengal. A pieces of evidence. in literature suggest that in 1193, the Nalanda University was sacked by Bakhtiyar Khalji, a Turk. The Persian Historian Minhaj-us-Siraj in his chronicle Tabaqat-i-Nasiri reported that thousands of monks were burned alive and thousand beheaded as Khalji tried his best to uproot Buddhism.

The Persian literature flourished with the arrival of Muslim conquerors in India. Here, it was presented in a new innovative form. The Persian language was honoured as an official language after the establishment of Delhi Sultanate.

Various forms of Sanskrit spoken by people was termed 'Apabhramsa'. The term "Apabhramsa" was used in medieval Sanskrit texts to denote early forms of some of the modern Indian Languages. Scholars have opined that different Hindi dialects of northern India and Kashmiri, Punjabi, Sindhi, Nepali, Shauryaseni, Marathi etc. are developed from Apabhramsa.