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Development of Education in Modern India

📆 October 14, 2024

Total Questions: 37

11. The foundation of the modern educational system in India was laid by: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

Correct Answer: (b) Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835
Solution:The foundation of the modern educational system in India was laid by Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835. In that minute, he poured scorn on Sanskrit or Arabic by saying that "a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole literature of India and Arabia." Macaulay thus suggested making English the language of higher education in India, with Western languages as the subjects of study. Bentinck accepted his suggestion. Accordingly, on 7th March 1835, a resolution passed by the Government declared: "His Lordship is of the opinion that the great object of the British Government ought to be the promotion of European literature and science amongst the natives of India, and that all the funds appropriated for the purpose of education would be best employed on English education alone." Bentinck’s Resolution opened a new chapter in the history of Indian education.

12. Which of the following led to the introduction of English Education in India? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:The East India Act of 1813, also known as the Charter Act of 1813, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It allotted Rs. 100,000 to promote education among the Indian masses and also permitted Christian missionaries to propagate English and preach their religion. In 1823, the governor-general in council appointed a General Committee of Public Instructions, which had the responsibility to grant one lakh rupees for education. The committee consisted of 10 members with Lord Macaulay as the President. Interestingly, during that time, there was a rapid change in attitude towards the composition of English education, mainly due to the missionaries and the political influence of the English language. Thus, for the council of the East India Company, the decision for granting money faced a greater problem. The controversy went on for 12 years. Even the General Committee of Public Instruction was also not able to decide the medium of instruction by vote, because out of 10 members, five were supporters of English language or Anglicist as the medium of instruction, and the rest were supporters of the Classical language or Orientalists as a medium of instruction. This is the famous Anglicist and Orientalist controversy.

As the President of the General Committee of Public Instruction, Lord Macaulay wrote a minute (detailed) where he made the conclusion regarding the controversy. By introducing the English language for the education of masses, Macaulay’s opinion was that the public mind of India might expand under the English systems, and through the English language, it may educate the people into a capacity for better government.

13. In whose reign was English Education introduced in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]

Correct Answer: (a) Lord William Cavendish Bentinck
Solution:The East India Act of 1813, also known as the Charter Act of 1813, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It allotted Rs. 100,000 to promote education among the Indian masses and also permitted Christian missionaries to propagate English and preach their religion. In 1823, the governor-general in council appointed a General Committee of Public Instructions, which had the responsibility to grant one lakh rupees for education. The committee consisted of 10 members with Lord Macaulay as the President. Interestingly, during that time, there was a rapid change in attitude towards the composition of English education, mainly due to the missionaries and the political influence of the English language. Thus, for the council of the East India Company, the decision for granting money faced a greater problem. The controversy went on for 12 years. Even the General Committee of Public Instruction was also not able to decide the medium of instruction by vote, because out of 10 members, five were supporters of English language or Anglicist as the medium of instruction, and the rest were supporters of the Classical language or Orientalists as a medium of instruction. This is the famous Anglicist and Orientalist controversy.

As the President of the General Committee of Public Instruction, Lord Macaulay wrote a minute (detailed) where he made the conclusion regarding the controversy. By introducing the English language for the education of masses, Macaulay’s opinion was that the public mind of India might expand under the English systems, and through the English language, it may educate the people into a capacity for better government.

14. The first three universities in India (Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay) were established in which year? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) 1857
Solution:The Magna Carta of the Indian education system, which was laid down in the Despatch of Charles Wood, 1854, established three universities at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay respectively on the model of London University in the year 1857.

15. The establishment of the first Women's University in Mumbai was the result of the effort of: [U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Correct Answer: (b) D.K. Karve
Solution:Prof. Dhondo Keshav Karve was an Indian social reformer noted for supporting the causes of widow remarriage and women’s education. He founded the widow remarriage association. In 1896, he opened a home for widows (now Karve Stree Shikshan Samstha) in Poona with the objective of giving high-caste widows an interest in life by providing them jobs and making them self-supporting. He set up an Indian Women’s University at Bombay in 1916. He was awarded India's India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1958.

16. Who was associated with the formation of the Deccan Educational Society? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (c) B.G. Tilak
Solution:The Deccan Education Society (formerly known as New English School) was established in 1884. It was formed by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, V.K. Chiplunkar, Mahadev Ballal Namjoshi, M.G. Ranade, etc.

17. Which of the following was established first? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) Hindu College, Calcutta
Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest initial promoters of modern education. He had established the famous Hindu College in Calcutta with the cooperation of David Hare and Alexander Duff in 1817. Mayo College was established in Ajmer in 1875; Muslim Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, and Delhi College was founded in 1824.

18. Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh was founded in which of the following years? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) 1874
Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest initial promoters of modern education. He had established the famous Hindu College in Calcutta with the cooperation of David Hare and Alexander Duff in 1817. Mayo College was established in Ajmer in 1875; Muslim Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, and Delhi College was founded in 1824.

19. In collaboration with David Hare and Alexander Duff, who of the following established Hindu College at Calcutta? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]

Correct Answer: (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest initial promoters of modern education. He had established the famous Hindu College in Calcutta with the cooperation of David Hare and Alexander Duff in 1817. Mayo College was established in Ajmer in 1875; Muslim Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, and Delhi College was founded in 1824.

20. Famous Hindu College was established by David Hare in 1817 at: [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021]

Correct Answer: (b) Calcutta
Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest initial promoters of modern education. He had established the famous Hindu College in Calcutta with the cooperation of David Hare and Alexander Duff in 1817. Mayo College was established in Ajmer in 1875; Muslim Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, and Delhi College was founded in 1824.
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