Development of Education in Modern India

31. The propounder of "Filtration Theory" in India's education policy was: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Charles Wood
(b) Macaulay
(c) J.S. Mill
(d) Cornwallis

Correct Answer: (b) Macaulay

Solution:The 'Downward Filtration' theory was related to educational upliftment during India’s colonial period. The filtration theory in education meant the trickle-down of education or knowledge from top to bottom, i.e., from the higher class people to the lower classes or the general public. Lord Macaulay explained his point of view by stating that the purpose of the company was only to educate the elite group, which would later educate the general public, thus fulfilling the goal of educating the masses in general.

32. With reference to the Fort William College Calcutta. Which of the statement/s is/are correct? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021]

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) Only 2

Solution:Fort William College was founded on 10 july, 1800 in Kolkata by Wellesley. The purpose of establishing the college was to train and teach British civilians for administrative purpose in India.

33. Wellesley established the Fort William College at Calcutta because: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) he was asked by the Board of Directors at London to do so
(b) he wanted to revive interest in oriental learning in India
(c) he wanted to provide William Carey and his associates with employment
(d) he wanted to train and teach British civilians for administrative purposes in India

Correct Answer: (d) he wanted to train and teach British civilians for administrative purposes in India

Solution:Fort William College was founded on 10 july, 1800 in Kolkata by Wellesley. The purpose of establishing the college was to train and teach British civilians for administrative purpose in India.

34. With reference to educational institutions during colonial rule in India, consider the following pairs: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

Sanskrit College at Benaras – William Jones
Calcutta Madarsa – Warren Hastings
Fort William College – Arthur Wellesley

Which of the pairs given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Solution:The Sanskrit college of Benaras was founded by Jonathan Duncan in 1791 AD. Warren Hastings started the Calcutta Madarsa in 1780 AD. Fort William College was founded by Richard Wellesley in 1800 AD. Thus, option (b) is the correct one.

35. Who among the following laid the foundation stone of Banaras Hindu University? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]

(a) Madan Mohan Malviya
(b) Maharaja Vibhuti Narain Singh
(c) Lord Hardinge
(d) Annie Besant

Correct Answer: (c) Lord Hardinge

Solution:Lord Hardinge II, then Viceroy, laid the foundation stone of Banaras Hindu University on 4th February 1916, on the occasion of Basant Panchami.

It was established in 1916. It was founded by the great nationalist leader, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya with cooperation of great personalities like Dr Annie Besant, who viewed it as the University of India. It is an internationally reputed temple of learning, situated in the holy city of Varanasi. It has 6 centres of Advanced Studies, 10 Departments under Special Assistance Programme and a large number of specialized Research Centers. Bharat Kala Bhavan, the reputed museum of the university, is a treasure trove of rare collections. The 927 bed hospital of the University is equipped with all the modern amenities.

36. Which one of the following was the first to be declared as Central University? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]

(a) Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
(b) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
(c) Banaras Hindu University of Varanasi
(d) University of Allahabad

Correct Answer: (c) Banaras Hindu University of Varanasi

Solution:As per the given options Banaras Hindu University, founded by Madan Mohan Malviya in 1916, was the first Central.

It was established in 1916. It was founded by the great nationalist leader, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya with cooperation of great personalities like Dr Annie Besant, who viewed it as the University of India. It is an internationally reputed temple of learning, situated in the holy city of Varanasi. It has 6 centres of Advanced Studies, 10 Departments under Special Assistance Programme and a large number of specialized Research Centers. Bharat Kala Bhavan, the reputed museum of the university, is a treasure trove of rare collections. The 927 bed hospital of the University is equipped with all the modern amenities.

37. Who among the following had vigorously advocated for religious education in the Indian [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Swami Vivekanand
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya

Correct Answer: (d) Madan Mohan Malviya

Solution:Madan Mohan Malviya was an Indian educationist and politician notable for his role in the Indian independence movement. He is known for vigorously advocating for religious education in the Indian Universities. He founded Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi in 1916. Malviya was the Vice-Chancellor of B.H.U. from 1919 to 1939. He published Hindustan, Indian Union, Abhyudaya, Maryada, and The Leader.