Digestive System (Part-I)

Total Questions: 29

1. Milk becomes sour if kept outside the refrigerator in summer because of: [S.S.C. Online Constable GD 18.02.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Splitting of proteins
(b) Its colour
(c) Conversion of lactose sugar into lactic acid
(d) Calcium present in it

Correct Answer: (c) Conversion of lactose sugar into lactic acid

Solution:Milk contains a sugar called lactose. Certain bacteria, like Lactobacillus, are naturally present in milk. When milk is kept at warmer temperatures (like in summer and outside the refrigerator), these bacteria become very active. They ferment the lactose sugar, converting it into lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid increases the acidity of the milk, causing it to curdle and develop the characteristic sour taste and smell.

2. Proteins are made up of: [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Amino acids
(b) Fatty acids
(c) Glucose
(d) Nucleotides

Correct Answer: (a) Amino acids

Solution:Proteins are large, complex macromolecules essential for life. They are polymers, meaning they are made up of repeating smaller units called monomers. For proteins, these monomers are amino acids. Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to form long chains that fold into specific three-dimensional structures, giving proteins their diverse functions.

3. Proteins are assembled from how many amino acids? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 5
(d) 15

Correct Answer: (b) 20

Solution:While there are hundreds of known amino acids, only 20 common types are typically used by the human body and most other organisms to build proteins. These 20 are often referred to as the "standard" or "proteinogenic" amino acids. The specific sequence and number of these 20 amino acids determine the unique structure and function of each protein.

4. Amino acids are the building blocks of: [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 24.03.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Proteins
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Minerals
(d) Vitamins

Correct Answer: (a) Proteins

Solution:Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins. They are typically known as the building blocks of protein. Beyond building proteins, they also assist in the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters.

5. Collagen is a type of: [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 20.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Vitamin
(b) Fat
(c) Protein
(d) Carbohydrate

Correct Answer: (c) Protein

Solution:Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. It is a major component of connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. It provides structural support, strength, and elasticity to these tissues.

6. Kwashiorkor disease occurs due to severe deficiency of ______ in the body? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 22.10.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Iron
(b) Vitamin K
(c) Calcium
(d) Protein

Correct Answer: (d) Protein

Solution:Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet, despite adequate calorie intake (often from carbohydrates). It is commonly seen in children in developing countries. Symptoms include edema (swelling, particularly in the abdomen), muscle wasting, growth failure, skin lesions, and weakened immune system.

7. Which of the digestive organ contains acid? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 30.08.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Appendix
(d) Colon

Correct Answer: (a) Stomach

Solution:The stomach is a key digestive organ that produces gastric juice, which is highly acidic due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl). This acidic environment is crucial for several reasons:

It kills most bacteria ingested with food.
It denatures (unfolds) proteins, making them more accessible for enzymatic breakdown.
It activates pepsinogen (an inactive enzyme) into pepsin, the primary enzyme for protein digestion in the stomach.

8. Which of the following is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins in plants? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 11.10.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Chlorine
(b) Calcium
(c) Sodium
(d) Nitrogen

Correct Answer: (d) Nitrogen

Solution:Nitrogen is the element used for protein synthesis and is an essential constituent of amino acids. The main forms of inorganic nitrogen in the soil are nitrate and ammonium, which plants absorb from roots.

9. Gastric digestion effectively occurs: [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 10.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) In acidic medium
(b) In alkaline medium
(c) In neutral medium
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (a) In acidic medium

Solution:The presence of pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach during the process of gastric digestion makes it an effective medium for the digestion of proteins. The action of the enzyme pepsin is enhanced by the presence of acid (HCl). Hence, gastric digestion occurs effectively due to the presence of acid (HCl).

10. Which among the following is the food tube? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-1) 6.03.2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) Oesophagus
(b) Thymus
(c) Larynx
(d) Aorta

Correct Answer: (a) Oesophagus

Solution:The oesophagus (also spelled esophagus) is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. Its primary function is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of rhythmic muscular contractions called peristalsis. It is commonly referred to as the "food tube."

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