Digestive System (Part-II)

Total Questions: 28

1. Which category of compound is the most concentrated energy source? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 16.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Proteins
(d) Vitamins

Correct Answer: (a) Fats

Solution:Fats (lipids) provide the highest amount of energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. They yield approximately 9 calories (kcal) per gram, whereas carbohydrates and proteins provide about 4 calories (kcal) per gram. This makes fats the most efficient form of energy storage in the body.

2. The main use of salt in the diet is to— [C.P.O.S.I 11.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Increase the solubility of food particles in water
(b) Produce the small amount of hydrochloric acid required for the digestion
(c) Ease the process of cooking
(d) Make the taste of food better.

Correct Answer: (b) Produce the small amount of hydrochloric acid required for the digestion

Solution:Salt plays a primary role in the processes of digestion and absorption. Salt activates an enzyme in the mouth called salivary amylase. Salt also creates hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is a very important digestive secretion, which lines the stomach walls.

3. What are Lipids? [C.P.O. S.I. 5.06.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Lipids are monosaccharides
(b) Lipids do not provide energy to the cells.
(c) Fruits are good sources of lipids.
(d) Cholesterol and trans fatty acids are types of lipids

Correct Answer: (d) Cholesterol and trans fatty acids are types of lipids

Solution:Cholesterol is a type of sterol, which is a lipid. Trans fatty acids are a specific type of unsaturated fatty acid found in some fats, and fatty acids are components of many lipids.

4. Cholesterol is synthesized in______ [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 9.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Brunner’s
(b) Kidney
(c) Liver
(d) Stomach

Correct Answer: (c) Liver

Solution:The liver is the primary organ responsible for synthesizing cholesterol in the human body. While some other cells can also produce it, the liver produces the majority of the cholesterol needed for various bodily functions.

5. Which food component has the highest gross calorific value? [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 24.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Fats
(c) Vitamins
(d) Proteins

Correct Answer: (b) Fats

Solution:Fats have the highest energy density, providing approximately 9 kcal/gram, making their gross calorific value the highest among the macronutrients.

6. Cholesterol is related to ______ . [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 12.01.2017 (Shift-III) S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 17.09.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Proteins
(d) Minerals

Correct Answer: (a) Fats

Solution:Cholesterol is a type of lipid, just as fats are. However, unlike fat, cholesterol can’t be exercised off, sweated out or burned for energy. It is found only in animal products, including meat, chicken, fish, eggs, organ meats and high-fat dairy products.

7. Fermentation is a type of ______ . [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Air respiration
(b) Anaerobic respiration
(c) Heat-releasing reaction
(d) Vapour emissions

Correct Answer: (b) Anaerobic respiration

Solution:Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) to produce energy. It's a form of anaerobic respiration where organic molecules (like glucose) are broken down to produce ATP, along with byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

8. Which of the following organs secretes hydrochloric acid that helps our body in killing pathogenic bacteria? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 16.08.2021 (Shift-III)]

(a) Stomach
(b) Heart
(c) Brain
(d) Kidney

Correct Answer: (a) Stomach

Solution:The parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl). This acid creates a highly acidic environment (pH 1.5-3.5) that serves as a crucial first line of defense against most ingested bacteria and other pathogens.

9. Which bacterium is responsible for peptic ulcers? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 27.10.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Campylobacter
(b) Bacillus cereus
(c) Escherichia coli
(d) Helicobacter pylori

Correct Answer: (d) Helicobacter pylori

Solution:For a long time, stress and spicy food were thought to be the primary causes of peptic ulcers. However, it is now well-established that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. It can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and damage the protective mucus lining.

10. Which of the following protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of the Hydrochloric Acid under the normal conditions? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 7.03.2018 (Shift-II)]

(a) Villi
(b) Mucus
(c) Saliva
(d) Digestive Juices

Correct Answer: (b) Mucus

Solution:The inner lining of the stomach is protected from the corrosive hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes (like pepsin) by a thick layer of mucus. This mucus layer, along with bicarbonate secreted into it, forms a protective barrier, preventing the acid from directly damaging the stomach cells.

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