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Diseases and Treatment: I. Viral Diseases Part-I

📆 October 30, 2024

Total Questions: 40

31. The vaccine for polio was first prepared by : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (b) Jones Salk
Solution:Polio vaccine was discovered by Jones Salk in 1952. It is a dangerous disease in children which makes them handicapped. It is caused from poliovirus which affects central nervous system (CNS).

There are two main types of polio vaccines: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
IPV contains killed poliovirus strains and is administered through injection. IPV is very effective at preventing paralytic polio, with two doses providing 90% protection and three doses achieving 99-100% effectiveness. IPV is typically given as a series of shots, usually in childhood, and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
OPV contains a weakened live poliovirus that replicates in the intestine, causing an immune response. OPV is effective at preventing paralytic polio and, unlike IPV, can also stop the spread of the virus from person to person. OPV is given orally as liquid drops. OPV has been instrumental in the global effort to eradicate polio, particularly in areas with limited resources, according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). OPV is inexpensive, easy to administer, and does not require specialized equipment or training.

32. Salk’s vaccine is connected with which one of the following diseases? [U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (d) Polio
Solution:Polio vaccine was discovered by Jones Salk in 1952. It is a dangerous disease in children which makes them handicapped. It is caused from poliovirus which affects central nervous system (CNS).

There are two main types of polio vaccines: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
IPV contains killed poliovirus strains and is administered through injection. IPV is very effective at preventing paralytic polio, with two doses providing 90% protection and three doses achieving 99-100% effectiveness. IPV is typically given as a series of shots, usually in childhood, and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
OPV contains a weakened live poliovirus that replicates in the intestine, causing an immune response. OPV is effective at preventing paralytic polio and, unlike IPV, can also stop the spread of the virus from person to person. OPV is given orally as liquid drops. OPV has been instrumental in the global effort to eradicate polio, particularly in areas with limited resources, according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). OPV is inexpensive, easy to administer, and does not require specialized equipment or training.

33. Against which of the following diseases has Government of India decided to given Bivalent OPV in place of Trivalent? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Polio
Solution:With India remaining polio-free for five years, the Government of India decided to switch to bivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) in place of trivalent version. Trivalent OPV contains live and weakened versions for all the three types (1, 2 and 3) of wild poliovirus while the bivalent vaccine will contain type 1 and 3.

34. The pathogen responsible for the common cold is : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (b) Rhinovirus
Solution:Rhinoviruses are the most common viral infectious agents in humans and are the predominant cause of the common cold. It may also cause some sore throats, ear infection, sinus infection and to a lesser degree, pneumonia and bronchiolitis.

35. Pneumonia is an infection of : [67th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (d) lungs
Solution:Pneumonia is an infection of lungs. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty in breathing. A variety of organisms, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, can cause pneumonia.

36. Which one of the following diseases is not due to contamination of water? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2013]

Correct Answer: (b) Hepatitis B
Solution:The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as a blood-borne virus because it is transmitted from one person to another via blood or fluids contaminated with blood. Another important way of transmission is from an infected mother to a newborn child, which occurs during or shortly after birth. It is not caused due to contamination of water. Typhoid, jaundice and cholera are waterborne diseases.

37. The liver disease Hepatitis-B is caused by – [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]

Correct Answer: (a) DNA Virus
Solution:Hepatitis-B virus, abbreviated HBV, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. It causes scarring of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer and even death.

38. Hepatitis-B is caused by which micro-organism? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Virus
Solution:Hepatitis-B virus, abbreviated HBV, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. It causes scarring of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer and even death.

39. Which one of the following statements is not correct? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (b) Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine.
Solution:Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue which is most commonly caused by the Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E). Hepatitis B virus transmitted through receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, from mother to baby at birth, and also by sexual contact. Hence, Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV. According to WHO estimates globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B virus is about 240 million and with Hepatitis C virus is about 71 million. On the other hand, about 70-75 million people are infected overall with HIV in which about 35 million are died. Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years. Thus, statements of option (a), (c) and (d) are correct. Statement of option (b) is not correct because Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. Hepatitis C, unlike Hepatitis B, does not have a vaccine.

40. The organ of the human body directly affected by the disease of hepatitis is— [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (a) Liver
Solution:Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue which is most commonly caused by the Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E). Hepatitis B virus transmitted through receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, from mother to baby at birth, and also by sexual contact. Hence, Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV. According to WHO estimates globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B virus is about 240 million and with Hepatitis C virus is about 71 million. On the other hand, about 70-75 million people are infected overall with HIV in which about 35 million are died. Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years. Thus, statements of option (a), (c) and (d) are correct. Statement of option (b) is not correct because Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. Hepatitis C, unlike Hepatitis B, does not have a vaccine.
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