Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-II

Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent Type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Researchers are actively working on developing vaccines, especially for Type 1 diabetes, by targeting specific proteins involved in the immune response.

Most diabetes vaccine research is conducted using animal models, with only a few human trials having been completed. The current focus of vaccine research is primarily on preventing Type 1 diabetes, with less emphasis on Type 2 diabetes, which is more prevalent. Some vaccines, like the rotavirus vaccine, have been linked to a potential decrease in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children, but this is an indirect effect rather than a direct prevention.

When blood glucose levels rise (e.g., after eating), the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin acts as a "key" that opens up cells, allowing them to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Cells then use this glucose as their primary energy source. If the body has more glucose than it needs for immediate energy, insulin promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that can be broken down into glucose when the body needs it.

Insulin helps to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range by facilitating both glucose uptake for energy and glucose storage when needed. This prevents blood glucose levels from becoming too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). In individuals with diabetes, either the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin (type 2 diabetes), leading to high blood glucose levels.

Diabetes insipidus is a relatively rare disorder that does not affect blood glucose levels but, just like diabetes mellitus, causes increased urination. While 70-110 mg/dL fasting blood glucose is considered normal, blood glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher is defined as diabetes.

DM is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. The name Diabetes Mellitus is often used rather than diabetes alone, to distinguish this disorder from Diabetes Insipidus.

Diabetes insipidus is a relatively rare disorder that does not affect blood glucose levels but, just like diabetes mellitus, causes increased urination. While 70-110 mg/dL fasting blood glucose is considered normal, blood glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher is defined as diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas can no longer make insulin, or the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Not being able to produce or use insulin effectively leads to raised glucose levels in the blood, known as hyperglycaemia. Over the long-term high glucose levels are associated with damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, and lower limb amputation.

According to the study published in DiePharmazie - an International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - the anti-hyperglycaemic properties of the leaves were shown to be effective controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. It has compounds that slow down the rate of starch-to-glucose breakdown in people with diabetes. Curry leaves can control the amount of glucose entering the bloodstream.