Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-I

31. Which one of the following radio elements is used to measure the speed of the blood flow in the human body? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

(a) Radio-Phosphorus
(b) Radio-Iodine
(c) Radio-Iron
(d) Radio-Sodium

Correct Answer: (d) Radio-Sodium

Solution:Radio-Sodium is used to measure the speed of the blood flow in the human body.

32. Leukaemia is a type of cancer in which there is an abnormal increase in the number of: [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Bone cells
(b) Platelets
(c) Red blood cells
(d) White blood cells

Correct Answer: (d) White blood cells

Solution:Leukaemia is a type of cancer that usually begins in the bone marrow and results in a high number of abnormal white blood cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infection. The diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.

33. The radioisotope used to control blood cancer (leukaemia) is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (e) Phosphorus-32 & Cobalt-60

Solution:Phosphorus-32 and Cobalt-60 are both used to control blood cancer (leukaemia).

34. Which one of the following is used in the treatment of blood cancer? [60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (e) None of the above / More than one of the above

Solution:Phosphorus-32 and Cobalt-60 are both used to control blood cancer (leukaemia).

35. Cobalt-60 is generally used in radiation treatment because it ejects - [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) Alpha rays
(b) Beta rays
(c) y rays
(d) X-rays

Correct Answer: (d) X-rays

Solution:Cobalt-60 is a synthetic isotope of cobalt. Gamma (1) rays are ejected after the bombing of neutrons on cobalt. This is the reason, why it is used in radiation treatment.

36. The radioisotope used in the detection of tumour is - [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Pre) 2010]

(a) Arsenic-74
(b) Cobalt-60
(c) Sodium-24
(d) Carbon-14

Correct Answer: (a) Arsenic-74

Solution:Arsenic-74 tracer is used to detect the presence of tumours. Sodium-24 tracer is used to detect the presence of blood clots, and Iodine-131 tracer is used to study the activity of the thyroid gland. Cobalt-60 is used to treat cancer, and Carbon-14 is used to date organic material.

37. The radioisotope used to detect tumours is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]

(a) Iodine-131
(b) Cobalt-60
(c) Arsenic-74
(d) Sodium-24

Correct Answer: (c) Arsenic-74

Solution:Arsenic-74 tracer is used to detect the presence of tumours. Sodium-24 tracer is used to detect the presence of blood clots, and Iodine-131 tracer is used to study the activity of the thyroid gland. Cobalt-60 is used to treat cancer, and Carbon-14 is used to date organic material.

38. The radiations used in the treatment of muscle ache are: [66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (a) Infrared

Solution:Infrared radiations are used in the treatment of muscle ache. Infrared light is one of several innovative therapies being trialed for managing acute or chronic pain. It helps cells regenerate or repair themselves and is effective in treating muscle or joint pain, including muscle spasm and stiffness.

39. Oncogenes are associated with - [56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Tuberculosis
(b) Hepatitis
(c) Cancer
(d) Typhoid

Correct Answer: (c) Cancer

Solution:An oncogene is a kind of abnormal gene that predisposes cells to develop into cancers. The first oncogene ever identified is termed sarcoma (SRC), discovered in 1970. It is a component of the cancer-causing virus in chickens known as the rous sarcoma virus.

40. Which situation of the body is known as cancer? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) End of making new cells, which gradually occurs death.
(b) A collection of toxic chemicals in the body and finally death.
(c) Uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to the death of sound cells and finally death.
(d) Stop working of the mind due to a wound in the body and finally death.

Correct Answer: (c) Uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to the death of sound cells and finally death.

Solution:Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of cells and excess consumption of nutrients by these cells, while other normal body cells do not get proper nutrients. Eventually, the normal cells deteriorate, leading to death.