Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-I

81. The retina is an outgrowth of the — [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2013]

(a) Pons varoli
(b) Mesencephalon
(c) Diencephalon
(d) Telencephalon

Correct Answer: (c) Diencephalon

Solution:The retina develops from the diencephalon. The optic stalk later forms the optic nerve, and the optic vesicle transforms into a two-layered optic cup.

82. If the lens in the eye becomes opaque, the disease is called — [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Myopia
(b) Astigmatism
(c) Glaucoma
(d) Cataract

Correct Answer: (d) Cataract

Solution:Cataract occurs when the lens becomes opaque, reducing visibility, often in older adults. Treatment includes removing the opaque lens, using artificial intraocular lenses, or laser treatment.

83. Which part of the human eye is affected by cataract? [U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

(a) Iris
(b) Retina
(c) Cornea
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer: (d) None of the Above

84. Match List-I (Drugs/Chemicals) with List-II (Their uses) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]

List-I	List-II
A. Atropine	1. Local anaesthesia
B. Ether	2. Heart trouble
C. Nitroglycerine	3. Dilation of pupil
D. Pyrethrin	4. Mosquito control

Code:

Code	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	3	2	4
(b)	2	3	4	1
(c)	3	1	4	2
(d)	3	1	2	4

Correct Answer: (d)

Solution:

Atropine: Used as a cycloplegic and mydriatic to dilate pupils.
Ether: Used as a local anaesthetic.
Nitroglycerine: A vasodilator for heart conditions.
Pyrethrin: An insecticide derived from Chrysanthemum.

85. The pupils of the human eye are dilated with a very dilute solution of an alkaloid, which is: [U.P.P.S.C. (R.L.) 2014]

(a) Ephedrine
(b) Equanil
(c) Atropine
(d) Adrenaline

Correct Answer: (c) Atropine

Solution:Atropine, derived from belladonna alkaloids, is used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils during eye examinations.

86. Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder, in which people [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Walk during sleep without knowing what he or she is doing.
(b) Sleep with eyelids half open.
(c) Briefly and repeatedly stop breathing during sleep.
(d) Make loud snoring sound while asleep.

Correct Answer: (c) Briefly and repeatedly stop breathing during sleep.

Solution:Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow and infrequent breathing during sleep.

87. Biological resurfacing is a recent surgical technique used to treat problems of [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Knee joints
(b) Ankle joints
(c) Hip joints
(d) Vertebral joints

Correct Answer: (a) Knee joints

Solution:Biological resurfacing of the knee involves using cloned cartilage cells to repair damaged cartilage. Hip resurfacing is an alternative to Total Hip Replacement (THR), and similar methods can treat ankle and vertebral joint issues. Initially, UPPSC marked option (a) as correct, but later, this question was deleted.

88. Deficiency of Iron causes — [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

(a) Filaria
(b) Malaria
(c) Anaemia
(d) Fluorosis

Correct Answer: (c) Anaemia

Solution:Anaemia occurs when the body lacks healthy red blood cells, often due to insufficient iron. Red blood cells, which contain haemoglobin, are essential for oxygen transport, and iron is crucial for their production.

89. The disease caused due to deficiency of iron is known as [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]

(a) Colour-blindness
(b) Night-blindness
(c) Anaemia
(d) Tuberculosis