Disintegration of the Mughal Empire

Farrukh Siyar issued a decree in which he granted duty-free trading facilities to the Britishers in Bengal in 1717.A.D. It was mentioned in the contract that the East India Company could trade without duty (charge) after paying the annual tax of 3000.

During the later Mughal period, Nobels came to power who were called king-makers. From 1713 to 1720 AD, Sayyid brothers, Hussain Ali and Abdullah were the most powerful. They were leader of Hindustani group. They were famous as 'King Makers'. They made Farrukh Siyar king in 1713 AD and dethroned him in 1719 AD. After that puppet king Rafi-ud-darjat, Rafi-ud-daula and Muhammad Shah sat on throne with their help. They lost power during Muhammad Shah regin.

Muhammad Shah (1719-1748 A.D.) was the last Mughal emperor to sit on Mayur Singhasan/ Takht-i-Taus during his reign. Nadir Shah attacked India in 1739 A.D. and defeated Mughals in Karnal Battle. The contemporary historian Anand Ram Mukhlis wrote, "Nadir Shah took sixty thousand rupees, many thousands of gold coins, gold of one crore rupee, jewels of fifty crores, Kohinoor and peacock throne with him to Iran".

Muhammad Shah (1719-1748 A.D.) was the last Mughal emperor to sit on Mayur Singhasan/ Takht-i-Taus during his reign. Nadir Shah attacked India in 1739 A.D. and defeated Mughals in Karnal Battle. The contemporary historian Anand Ram Mukhlis wrote, "Nadir Shah took sixty thousand rupees, many thousands of gold coins, gold of one crore rupee, jewels of fifty crores, Kohinoor and peacock throne with him to Iran".

Nadir Shah invaded India in the year 1739. The invasion culminated in the sack of Delhi, during which the city suffered widespread destruction, looting and the loss of many lives. This event is known as the Battle of Karmal and it had significant repercussions for the Mughal Empire, contributing to its decline and the subsequent rise of regional powers in India.

Muhammad Shah (1719-48 A.D.) spent his most of his time in watching animal fight. People called him "Rangeela" due to his obsession towards wine and beauty and apathy towards administration. A group of eunuchs and ladies predominated in Mughal Darbar during the regime of Muhammad Shah.

Muhammad Shah (1719-48 A.D.) spent his most of his time in watching animal fight. People called him "Rangeela" due to his obsession towards wine and beauty and apathy towards administration. A group of eunuchs and ladies predominated in Mughal Darbar during the regime of Muhammad Shah.

The chronological order of Mughal rulers mentioned above is- Jahandar shah (1712-13 A.D.) Muhammad Shah (1719- 1748 A.D.), Ahmad Shah (1748-54 A.D.) and Alamgir II (1754-1759 A.D.).

Chronological order of Mughal emperors is a follows-

Bahadur Shah-I (1707-1712 A.D.),

Jahandar Shah (1712-1713.A.D.),

Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719 A.D.).

Muharumad Shah 'Rangeela' (1719-1748 A.D.)

Hence correct option is option (c).